Noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium is a morphogenetic abnormality involving loss of compaction of the myocardial fiber meshwork during intrauterine life. It is an extremely rare condition, accounting for only 0.05% of the cases evaluated in databanks. It has been described in both genders, in many ethnic groups and at different ages. Recently published studies of case series have shown a high mortality rate among these patients during follow-up of up to 48 months. Many cases have so far been misdiagnosed due to poor knowledge of the findings relating to this syndrome. There needs to be an attempt at early and accurate diagnosis, because of the need to investigate the patients family upon such diagnosis, and today this can be achieved using echocardiographic criteria.

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Sputum examination was used in a minority of patients and was not associated with any noticeable benefit in the clinical management of patients with CAP treated in a hospital setting.

Arterial OPCAB patients have less extensive CAD, but more severe symptoms. Early outcome is similar concerning mortality, arrhythmias, CVA, renal failure, or ICU and hospital stay, but with shorter ventilatory support and lower cardiac enzymes with a trend toward lower myocardial infarction and low output, but higher respiratory complication rates after OPCAB.