The use of FFP in critically ill patients remains controversial. In the absence of clinical bleeding or a risk for clinical bleeding associated with a planned procedure, treatment use of FFP is not recommended in human patients. There are insufficient data in critically ill animals to enable formulation of recommendations. Further research is warranted in dogs and cats to establish evidence-based guidelines.

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Objective -To characterize clinical parameters of cats with severe anemia due to suspected urinary bladder hemorrhage associated with urethral obstruction. Design -Retrospective case-control study. Setting -University teaching hospital. Animals -Seventeen cats with urethral obstruction and severe anemia (group "UO-A") that required transfusion were identified via medical record database search. Thirty cats with urethral obstruction and mild or no anemia (group "UO") were included as controls. Interventions -None.Measurements and Main Results -The median PCV of all cases at presentation was 28% (range, 9%-47%). Seven cats had PCV ࣘ20% at presentation, and all transfused cats had PCV ࣘ20% at the time of transfusion. Three cats did not receive a transfusion despite PCV ࣘ18%. Cats in the UO-A group had a significantly longer duration of clinical signs (P = 0.001), and were more likely to have a history of previous urethral obstruction (P = 0.011), have a heart murmur (P = 0.002), have a gallop rhythm (P = 0.005), and have lower blood pressure (P = 0.007) compared to those in the UO group. Additionally, UO-A cats had significantly lower pH, more negative base excess, higher BUN, and higher creatinine compared to UO cats. Duration of urinary catheterization was significantly (P = 0.016) longer in UO-A cats. All UO cats survived to discharge, whereas 4/17 (23.5%) UO-A cats were euthanized (P = 0.013).Conclusions -A history of previous urethral obstruction and longer duration of clinical signs may be important risk factors for severe anemia in UO cats. Additionally, UO-A cats appeared to be more severely affected, as evidenced by lower blood pressure, more severe metabolic acidosis, higher BUN and creatinine, and worse outcome. (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2016; 26(3): 393-397) CIconfidence interval OR odds ratio UO cats with urethral obstruction and PCV >20% UO-A cats with urethral obstruction and PCV ࣘ20%

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Objective: To describe the successful management of 2 dogs with septic shock and persistent tachycardia using norepinephrine and esmolol, a short-acting beta receptor antagonist.Series Summary: Two cases are reviewed. In the first case, septic shock with ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed in a 4-year-old neutered female Great Dane that underwent jejunoileal resection and anastomosis for a partial mesenteric torsion. The patient's tachyarrhythmias failed to respond to lidocaine, and an esmolol infusion was used for heart rate control. The condition of the dog improved and she was discharged after 4 days of hospitalization. The second case was a 7year-old neutered female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with septic peritonitis. Following surgery for intestinal resection and anastomosis, supraventricular tachycardia developed that was not responsive to volume resuscitation and was treated with an esmolol infusion. The condition of the dog improved and she was discharged after 6 days of hospitalization. Both patients were doing well at the time of long-term follow-up. New or Unique InformationProvided: This case series highlights a novel method of managing dogs in septic shock with persistent tachycardia based on recently published data in the human literature. The use of esmolol may be considered in certain veterinary patients with septic shock to improve persistent tachycardia not related to hypovolemia. K E Y W O R D S anti-arrhythmic, beta blocker, canine, cardiovascular, critical care, norepinephrine A 4-year-old neutered female Great Dane weighing 41 kg was presented to the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, with an 8-hour 326 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/vec J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2019;29:326-330.