Improved metabolic risk factors along with decreased serum BDNF in response to aerobic training and the opposite direction during the detraining emphasize the importance of physical activity in the treatment of MetS and prevention of related diseases.

Background: Oxidative stress results from imbalance in the body's redox position, which results in tissue damage due to increased intracellular radicals. Antioxidants prevent the oxidation of fatty acids and prevent foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque. Portulaca, which is one of the supplements, is considered as an antioxidant-rich plant. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of Portulaca supplementation on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress in non-active girls. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on non-active girls (overweight and obese) with an age range of 20-30 years in Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. 20 subjects were qualified and randomly divided into two control (n = 10) and complement (n = 10) groups. Subjects of supplemented group received 1200 portulaca mg per day for eight weeks. Data were analyzed by t-test using by SPSS20 software. Statistical significance criterion was set as P<0.05.Results: The results showed that serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly increased in the supplemented group (P<0.05), while the amount of malondialdehyde (MAD) decreased, this decline was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Portulaca supplements are likely to be effective in improving cardiovascularhealth and preventing cardiovascular disease and strengthening the antioxidant system in overweight and obese people, and destroys lipid peroxidation that produces ROS.

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The effects of each hypoxemic exercise session or overall training period still remains to be more elucidated in elite athletes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of hypobaric endurance training on lymphocytes mobilization and senescence and also their surface Thiol levels following to graded exercise test (GXT) in elite male athletes. Fourty six volunteer subjects were randomized into normobaric control (NC), hypobaric control (HC), normobaric exercise (NE) and hypobaric exercise (HE) groups. The NE and HE groups were exposed to homeland (700 mmHg) and 2800 meters above sea level (570 mmHg) simulated barometric pressures respectively, while HC and NC groups were remained sedentary at the same conditions. The training was included on treadmill running for four weeks, five sessions/week, 45 min/ session. Each session was consisted of three-min warmed up period, three cycles of 10-min running at 65% maximal heart rate reserve (HRRmax) interspersed with a three-min active recovery and three-min cool-down running period. Two GXTs were performed before (baseline) and after the interventions and blood samples were collected three times at both occasions. In all groups, mobilization of CD8+lymphocytes and senescent phenotype population of their both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets were increased after both GXTs, however; these changes were reversed following to recovery period(P<0.05). Moreover, HE were decreased lymphocytes surface thiol levels before and after the second GXT (P<0.05).it can be concluded that HE has no additional benefits for elite athletes regarded to lymphocytes mobilization and senescence, however; it may render them to oxidative stress.

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