With the start of the revolution of January 2011 until 2013, many indicators and economic research confirms the entry of the Egyptian economy to a stage of deterioration. With the military council headed by Marshal Tantawi taking over the country, the growth of the economy fell remarkably to less than 2% Unemployment reached over 10%, and the fiscal deficit increased to 8.6% of GDP, which was accompanied by inflation of 11%. That one of the biggest economic mistakes committed by the government system is to keep the exchange rate of the pound fixed, which led to the depletion of about $ 20 billion of cash reserves between December 2010 to May 2012, which has negatively affected the rating of Egyptian Institutions International Finance. After that, Egypt’s economic situation during the rule of Mohammed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood, which can be described as lacking in experience in the management of the state. The political challenges and obstacles, as well as the absence of any economic plan, contributed to the increasing complexity of the economic situation of Egypt, Resulting in a rise in the unemployment rate to 12.5%. The Brotherhood’s government failed to provide resources to cope with the crisis, relying only on the collection of aid and subsidies from some regimes in the Middle East, resulting in worsening conditions until the army intervened and President Mohamed Morsi was removed on 3 July 2013. With the arrival of interim President Adli Mansour to power in August 2013, we note that the Egyptian economy witnessed a slight improvement, which was reflected according to the published report that Egypt received about 12 billion dollars in foreign aid from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, However, the economic growth rate remained below 2% as unemployment and inflation continued to spread.

As a member of the G20, the Republic of Indonesia has huge economic power. It occupies the first place in the Southeast Asia region and the fifth place in the world in terms of economic growth rate, which reached 10.5% in 2019. From this point of view, Indonesia is an industrial country enjoying steady economic growth. Under the leadership of President Joko Widodo, the Indonesian government has implemented a number of economic reforms, the most important of which is the establishment of 19 programmes as priorities for the development agenda, which includes human resources development, building infrastructure, including new capital, increasing interconnectedness via the Maritime Highway Programme, village development, and enabling ending and sector improvement taxes through the tax amnesty programme. Despite some decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance of the Indonesian economy was better in 2020 than that of some other countries in the ASEAN region, and member countries of the G20 experienced a deeper contraction. In that period, Indonesia’s economy achieved a growth rate of 2.07%, and the World Bank boosted Indonesia’s rating within the upper middle-income countries for its success in achieving an overall increase in national income per capita from $3,840 to $4,050.

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Research and economic studies in all their aspects show that uncertainty has significant consequences in all areas of the economy. In recent years, the Iraqi economy has gone through difficult economic conditions as a result of exacerbations of structural imbalances and the global health crisis. The global economy witnessed a significant recovery in 2021 as a result of the improvement in the health situation, the increase in vaccination rates around the world, and the decline in Covid-19 infections. Economic growth in Iraq has begun to gradually recover in the wake of the downturn caused by the Corona pandemic during the past year, partly due to the increase in non-oil economic activity. As for the recovery of the oil sector, it has had the most prominent impact in changing the course of the Iraqi economy, and it is expected that the improvement in the conditions of the global oil market will lead to enhancing economic growth in the medium term and achieving financial surpluses that contribute to reducing the accumulated debts. Although the economic conditions in Iraq have gradually improved with the recovery of international oil markets, this recovery is fraught with major risks posed by structural obstacles, including public investment management restrictions that affected the provision of public services, the slow repayment of overdue debts, especially those related to public wages, and the burden of owned banks. The state and the Central Bank of Iraq’s sovereign debt burden. In addition to the fragility of the political situation, the weakness of the health care system, and the rampant financial, administrative and political corruption in various state institutions. In order to orient ourselves better, we need to look carefully at ways of perceiving the challenges facing the Iraqi economy as a necessary condition for the country’s development. However, despite the improvement in the prospects of the Iraqi economy and the recovery of global oil markets, the repercussions of the Corona virus and the challenges of climate change constitute new risk factors. The economy is expected to recover gradually against the backdrop of high oil prices and an increase in the production quotas of the “OPEC +” alliance, which is scheduled to be phased out in 2022. Oil GDP will be the main engine of growth in the medium term. There is a lot of research on the state of Iraq from international and local organizations and institutions. Everyone has proven that the most serious challenge for development in Iraq is insecurity. In fact, with this material we have to answer the main question: what is the country facing and what problems are there to solve?

National security is a renewable concept with a growing complexity in the regional and international environment. It has moved from its narrow sense – military and political, – to a comprehensive and broad one. Research and economic studies on all of its aspects show that insecurity has significant consequences in all areas of the economy. In order to orient ourselves better, we need to look carefully at ways of perceiving the challenges to Iraq’s economic security and security as a necessary condition for the country’s development. There has been a lot of research on the state of Iraq by international and local organizations and institutions. Everyone has proven that the most serious challenge to development in Iraq is insecurity. In fact, with this material, we have to answer the main question: What is the reason for the decline of national security in the Republic of Iraq?