Sound evidence on the effectiveness of fluoride varnishes (FV) to reduce caries incidence in preschool children is lacking. Objective: To assess whether the application of FV in preschool children at 6-month intervals decreases the incidence of caries and produces any adverse effects. Methods: A randomized, examiner- and patient-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design, clinical trial, comprising 1- to 4-year-old children, 100 in each group (FV or placebo varnish, PV), was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two trained pediatric dentists performed the clinical examinations (kappa = 0.85). Dental caries was recorded at the d₂ (cavitated enamel) and d₃ (dentine) levels using the International Caries Diagnosis and Assessment System. Results: At baseline, the mean age of the participants was 2.4 years (SD 0.9) and the mean d₃mfs was 0.8 (SD 1.9). Most of the children brushed their teeth with fluoride toothpaste and consumed fluoridated tap water. After 24 months, 89 and 92 children of the test and the control groups were analyzed, respectively. A total of 32 (35.9%) children in the FV group and 43 (46.7%) in the PV group presented new dentine caries lesions (χ² test; p = 0.14), showing relative and absolute risk reductions of 23% (95% CI: -9.5 to 45.9) and 11% (95% CI: -3.5 to 25.0). The mean caries increment differences between the test and control groups were -0.8 (95% CI: -2.0 to 0.4) at the d₂ level and -0.7 (95% CI: -1.9 to 0.4) at the d₃ level. Only 2 minor complaints regarding the intervention were reported. Conclusion: Although safe and well accepted, twice-yearly professional FV application, during 2 years, did not result in a significant decrease in caries incidence.

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Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sobre possíveis fatores de risco para RRAE em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ortodôntico. Material e Métodos: a pesquisa foi realizada no banco de dados MEDLINE, através do PubMed, usando a ferramenta de busca avançada, onde foram inseridas as seguintes palavras-chave, escolhidos segundo o Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): ortodontia, reabsorção radicular, incisivo e polimorfismo genético, associado aos operadores boleanos “E” e “OU”. A busca encontrou artigos de 1993 até 2016. Resultados: constatou-se que o tratamento ortodôntico é um fator de risco para RRAE, sendo os incisivos superiores os dentes mais acometidos. O sexo e a idade do paciente não parecem influenciar o grau de RRAE, assim como outros fatores clínicos e relacionados ao tratamento ortodôntico, com exceção do tempo de tratamento prolongado e aplicação de forças pesadas, que estão associados com maiores níveis de RRAE. Tratamento com extrações, uso de elásticos intermaxilares e diferentes polimorfismos genéticos apresentaram resultados conflitantes, não sendo possível definir a real relação com a RRAE. Diferenças metodológicas e populacionais entre os artigos avaliados podem explicar a divergência de resultados encontrada na literatura. Conclusão: apesar de diversos fatores intrínsecos, clínicos, genéticos e relacionados ao tratamento ortodôntico terem sido descritos na literatura, os mais frequentemente descritos como reais fatores de risco para RRAE são o tempo de tratamento ortodôntico prolongado e a aplicação de forças pesadas.

Objective: to perform a literature review on the denture stomatitis (DS) treatment, in order to propose the incorporation of chlorhexidine into the denture as a treatment strategy for DS. Material and Methods: an advanced search was undertaken in MEDLINE/PubMed baseline from 1976 to 2016. Sixty-five papers were retrieved using the following keywords: chlorhexidine, denture stomatitis, denture relining. Of those, 35 papers were directly related to the subject and were therefore selected for a narrative review. Results: DS is an inflammatory reaction of multifactorial etiology, usually associated with Candida albicans and often observed in complete denture wearers. Most treatments rely on patient cooperation. Chlorhexidine (CHX) has antifungal activity and can be incorporated into denture lining materials without causing significant alterations in denture resin structure and without depending on patient compliance. Conclusion: according to the results of in vitro studies, CHX released from denture relining materials may be convenient to reduce denture biofilms and treat DS, but further in vivo studies are necessary to recommend clinical use.