Some results ofhigh-resolution neutron diffraction experiments resulting in determination of the microstrain in metallic materials are reported. The method of the diffraction line broadening analysis was verified in two materials, investigated earlier by X-ray diffraction:an austenitic steel prestrained up to 30% and a cold rolled aluminium magnesium alloy.For these materials, the mean-square microstrain and the dislocation density were determined, a good agreement was reached with the results of X-ray experiments. As an application of such analysis we investigated the influence of the shot-peening treatment on an austenitic steel. This treatment is commonly used to introduce compressive stresses in the surface of material, giving improved resistance to fatigue fracture. The microstrain distribution and the size ofcoherently diffracting blocks for a shot-peened sample ofaustenitic steel as a function of depth from the surface are determined by the above analysis and the results are presented.

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