MEDICAL NEwS OF NORTH CAUCASUS 2018. Vоl. 13. Iss. 3 gleton Births. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):e0126743. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126743 3. Zherdev K. V., Pak L. A., Volkova M. O., Zubkov P. A., Chelpachenko O. B. Aktualnye napravleniya optimizatsii khirurgicheskogo lecheniya oporno-dvigatelnykh narusheny pri spasticheskikh formakh detskogo tserebralnogo paralicha. Rossysky pediatrichesky zhurnal. 2018;21(3):175-181. 4. Rogoveanu O., Tuțescu N., Kamal D., Alexandru D., Kamal C. [et al.] Correlations between risk factors and functional evolution in patients with spastic quadriplegia. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2016;9(2):170-176. 5. Malakhov O. A., Zherdev K. V., Trankovsky S. E., Malakhov O. O. Differentsialny podkhod k khirurgicheskoy korrektsii patologii tazobedrennykh sustavov u detey s DTsP. Detskaya khirurgiya. 2014;18(3):4-8. 6. Hägglund G., Alriksson-Schmidt A., Lauge-Pedersen H., Rodby-Bousquet E., Wagner P. [et al.] Prevention of dislocation of the hip in children with cerebral palsy: 20-year results of a population-based prevention programme. Bone Joint J. 2014;96-B(11):1546-1552. 7. Büyükavcı R., Büyükavcı M. A. Effects of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type-A injections with a specific approach in spastic cerebral palsy. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2018;118(3):429-433. 1 российско-армянский университет, Ереван, республика армения 2 Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет, российская Федерация

In recent decades, the creation of new pharmaceutical targeted drug delivery has become widespread. In this regard, various carriers of medicinal substances have been developed. It is worthy to note that niosomes are more prospective in comparison with other carrier, because they are not susceptible to oxidation and they have delayed clearance, thus providing high therapeutic performance. This study aims to investigate some rheological properties of niosomal dispersion and the analysed dependence of viscosity coefficient on volume concentration. The results demonstrated that for low concentrations of niosomal dispersions, the dynamic viscosity coefficient can be estimated using the Einstein’s equation with the introduction of a correction factor, the value of which at an average diameter of 90–100 nm and a zeta potential of 49.5–54.5 mV is 0.04–0.05. It is wished that our work would be helpful to fully understand the structure of niosome aggregates, which are considered to play an important role in viscosity and are affected by both intermolecular and electrostatic forces. With increasing particle concentration and decreasing average distance between aggregates, the particles at the surface of different aggregates attract each other and a less compact aggregation structure is formed. The measured relationships between size, ζ-potential, and the relative viscosities of dispersions show that the relative viscosities decrease with decreasing absolute value of ζ-potential, which further reveals the effect of electrical repulsion forces on the structure of aggregates.

O ne of the serious environmental issues the mankind is facing currently is the stable growth of heavy metal compounds found in the soil, water, and air in industrial cities and countries. Accumulation of xenobiotics in the environment is typically manifested through higher rate of general disease incidence with various somatic and immunologic pathologies. The available literature offers a review of many works describing the effect of a particular metal on biological objects including the human body even though in reality people are subject to the influence of not one yet a set of pollutants, this combination varying among regions. The worst effect is found in anthropogenic factors acting jointly [2,3]. Many researchers have shown, both in vivo and in vitro, that a joint effect of toxicants of different origin may come along with additivity, synergism or antagonistic effects. Despite this there has been nearly no research into the joint effects, and the studies carried out now still have a long way to go. There has been little attention paid to the chronic action toxicants taken in dosages that are not toxic. Long-term exposure to pollutants, even if taken in small concentrations shall result in the development of a new property in terms of the toxic effect manifestation, which is seen through nonspecific features that obviously being linked to the strain of the general protective homeostatic mechanisms maintaining a constant internal environment. This concerns, above all, the immune system responsiveness. In view of the urgency there is obvious interest in search for, and study of natural body protection against such chemical aggression. The elimination

Reserpine lowered norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the hypothalamus of rats, particularly after pinealectomy. On the other hand, its effects on catecholamine levels in the adrenals of pinealectomized rats were weaker than in intact animals. It is suggested that the depression produced by reserpine may be due in part to impaired interactions of the pineal gland with central and peripheral components of the sympathoadrenal system. Key Words: reserpine; pineal gland; sympathoadrenal system; catecholaminesOne of the central properties of reserpine is its ability to produce depression. Although the origin of this effect has traditionally been ascribed to impaired activity of reticular and limbic structures in the brain, there is evidence that its depressant action may also be due to defective operation of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS), whose strained functioning is an inevitable accompaniment of affective disorders [5,6]. One cause of these disorders may be malfunction of the pineal gland (which supplies endocrine secretions for periodic processes), in particular because of upheavals in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal mechanisms [1]. In view of this, we decided to examine how the pineal gland might contribute to the ability of reserpine to influence catecholamine metabolism at the central (hypothalamus) and peripheral (adrenals) levels of the SAS. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was conducted on random-bred male rats (body weight 100-130 g) during spring and summer months. The animals were divided into nine groups, as shown in Table 1. Physiological saline was given in repeated injections over a prolonged period, while State Medical Academy, Stavropol melatonin was injected at 0.1 mg/kg once daily for 10 days. Reserpine was injected in a dose of 2 mg/kg 24 h before the assays for catecholamines (in the melatonin-treated group, it was given after the last melatonin injection). All three substances were administered by the intraperitoneal route. Pinealectomy was performed under Nembutal anesthesia using a modified procedure developed by K. B. Ovanesov in our laboratory. The sham operation involved trephining of the skull and raising a bone flap without extirpating the pineal gland. Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentrations in the hypothalamus and adrenals were measured tluo15metrically [4] after their removal from rats decapitated under ether anesthesia.All rats were kept in the vivarium under natural illumination and had free access to food and water, care being taken to standardize, as far as possible, the temperature conditions and dietary regimen in the different groups.The results were subjected to statistical treatment using Student's t test to estimate the significance of intergroup differences. RESULTSttypothalamus. Hypothalamic levels of both catecholamines in the intact rats were similar to those re-

Relevance . The association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent manifestations of systemic effects that are etiologically associated with periodontopathogenic bacteria in the biofilm of the gingival sulcus. In this regard, the study of the metabolic mechanisms leading to such systemic effects and serving their markers is an urgent problem. Aim . Study of the features of sphingolipid/ceramide metabolism, both produced by etiologically significant microflora, and present in periodontal tissues of patients on the example of the association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods . The observation groups included 58 patients with chronic periodontitis in association with type 2 diabetes, 39 patients with chronic periodontitis without concomitant systemic pathology, and 27 conditionally healthy people. All the examined patients underwent molecular genetic studies of the taxonomic and metabolic profiles of the dental sulcus/ periodontal pockets microbiota using 16S sequencing and evaluation of phosphorylated ceramides in saliva by the activity of the ceramid kinase enzyme. Results . It was found that in the Association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there are features of the taxonomic composition of the dental sulcus/periodontal pockets microbiota, which are combined with a decrease in sphingolipid metabolism. In addition, in these patients, depending on the duration of diabetes mellitus, there was an increasing drop in the saliva of ceramide kinase, which determines the phosphorylation of sphingolipids/ceramides. Conclusion . In the Association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the systemic effects of the dental sulcus/ periodontal pockets microbiota are manifested by a decrease in sphingolipid metabolism, including a decrease in ceramide kinase in periodontal tissues, which can serve as a marker of the combined pathological process.