An intensification of a swimming behavior with an increase in the proportion of active swimming and limitation of the duration of immobilization was found in rats following bilateral electrolytic destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. The restructuring of the temporal dynamics of swimming is manifested in a limitation of the rhythmological index of depressivity. The animals with ablated nuclei demonstrate more pronounced behavioral disturbances in response to the introduction of fenamin and a slowing of the minute fluctuations in the dynamics of stereotypic behavior.
Progressive increases in the worldwide number of cases of brain diseases accompanied by cognitive impairments continually reinforce the relevance of the need for further investigation and pharmacotherapy of this type of neuromental pathology, particularly as this problem has great significance, not only in the medical sphere, but also in the social. This explains the currently extensive interest of investigators of different specialties in studies of the role of the hippocampus (HPO) in the genesis of these disorders and the possibility that nootropic substances have influences on it.
The absence of effective drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment requires the search for new candidates among approved medicines. Fundamental studies and clinical observations allow us to approach an understanding of the mechanisms of damage and protection from exposure to SARS-CoV-2, to identify possible points of application for pharmacological interventions. In this review we presented studies on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunotropic properties of melatonin. We have attempted to present scientifically proven mechanisms of action for the potential therapeutic use of melatonin during SARS-CoV-2 infection. A wide range of pharmacological properties allows its inclusion as an effective addition to the methods of prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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