A simulation process for spark ignition gasoline engines is proposed. The process is based on a zero-dimensional spark ignition stochastic reactor model and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics of the cold in-cylinder flow. The cold flow simulations are carried out to analyse changes in the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation. From this analysis, the volume-averaged turbulent mixing time can be estimated that is a main input parameter for the spark ignition stochastic reactor model. The spark ignition stochastic reactor model is used to simulate combustion progress and to analyse auto-ignition tendency in the end-gas zone based on the detailed reaction kinetics. The presented engineering process bridges the gap between three-dimensional and zero-dimensional models and is applicable to various engine concepts, such as, port-injected and direct injection engines, with single and multiple spark plug technology. The modelling enables predicting combustion effects and estimating the risk of knock occurrence at different operating points or new engine concepts for which limited experimental data are available.

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Deforming domains occur in many fields of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), such as interface tracking, simulation of pumps and engines, and fluid/structure interaction. The deformation of the domain presents a challenge to the integrity of the computational mesh; substantial motion of the domain boundaries requires vertex motion and changes in mesh connectivity. For cases of simple boundary motion or structured meshes, predetermined changes to the mesh structure can be sufficient. However, without a priori knowledge of how the domain will change, a more robust solution is required. The present work offers a parallelized solution for simplical meshes that is well-suited to extremely complex geometry. The mesh continuously evolves without user intervention or the use of target meshes. Varying length scales imposed by evolving boundary curvatures and narrow gaps are resolved with a fast length-scale algorithm. The set of algorithms are incorporated into an object-oriented code structure that permits broad application to a range of CFD problems. The robustness and versatility of the algorithm is demonstrated in several examples, representing motion of internal and external boundaries, where the boundary motion may or may not be known a priori.

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