A method for the analysis of o-toluidine, o-anisidine, 2-naphthylamine, and 4-aminobiphenyl in cigarette mainstream smoke has been developed, which combines the sensitivity of their pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatives in negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mode with the selectivity of the gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) technique. The use of four deuterated analogues as internal standards along with the application of the standard addition method results in accurate and precise results; the interday precision for the aromatic amines was 3-10% and the accuracy ranged from 97-100%. This method was applied to two American-blend University of Kentucky reference cigarettes, eight American-blend market cigarettes, a bright (fluecured) tobacco cigarette, and an electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS). For the American-blend cigarettes there was a linear correlation between aromatic amine yields and mainstream smoke 'tar' ('tar' ¼ total particulate matter À (nicotine þ water)), whereas the bright tobacco cigarette and the EHCSS demonstrated significantly lower aromatic amine yields on an equal 'tar' basis. The results support the hypothesis that the nitrogen content of the tobacco, and above all the cigarette combustion temperature, are determining factors for the yields of aromatic amines in smoke.

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Abstract. The intestinal absorption of 59Fe from a diagnostic 10 ~mole (0.56 rag) 59Fe~+ test dose and 5 mg Fe equivalents of SgFe-labeled pork, hog liver and hemoglobin was measured with a 4 z geometry whole-body radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillator and the results compared with the stainable amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatie (non-heine) storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages, serum iron concentrations and total iron-binding capacity, erythropoietic activity and other hematological parameters. Children with mild hypochromic, microcytie anemia due to heterozygous fl.thalassemia absorbed normal amounts of 5~ from the diagnostic dose of 59Fe~+ if their bone marrow macrophages contained normal or mildly increased amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatie storage iron. Depleted iron stores also caused increased absorption of diagnostic 59Fe in children with heterozygous fl-thalassemia, so that prelatent iron deficiency can be diagnosed by measurement of increased iron absorption.The diagnostic 5~Fe~+ absorption was increased to 70--100% in children with homozygous fl-thalassemia when it was measured 64--300 days after the last blood transfusion. Since all these children contained normal to increased amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatie storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages, the high intestinal iron absorption was not caused, as is usual, by depleted iron stores but coincided with considerable hyperplasia of ineffective erythropoiesis demonstrated by the increased numbers of normoblasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood during a period of severe anemia. Blood transfusions which elevate the hemoglobin levels from 4--5 g/100 ml to 8.5--9.9 g/100 ml and suppress the erythroblastic hyperplasia in the bone marrow also reduce the increased absorption of inorganic and food iron to normal values. Interruption of blood transfusions always results in the next erythroblastic hyperplasia and a simultaneous increase of intestinal iron absorption. Mild hyperplasia of the erythropoietic system such as is observed in megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin-B~ deficiency or in hereditary spherocytosis is not sufficient to increase iron absorption. Anemia per se does not increase iron absorption, as is borne out by the observation that patients with severe aregenerative anemia or megaloblastic anemia absorb 5aFe~+ according to their normal iron stores * Supported in part by a research grant of "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft".