Wound healing phases comprise of highly synchronized process that begins due to a damage and restores the integrity of the injured tissues. Wound healing reduces the damage in tissue and supply sufficient oxygen and tissue perfusion, provide proper nourishment and humid wound healing atmosphere to re-establish the essential status of exaggerated parts. The untreated wound becomes susceptible for pus development, bacterial infection and complications like sepsis. Traditional and modern approaches are in practice to treat acute, open and chronic injuries, however, present wound care management has met with challenges and minimal positive effects. Stem cells have possible wound healing capability to overwhelm restrictions of the current wound care practices as it produces faster tissue regeneration in wound repair. Stem cells are unspecialized cells derived from adult body tissues and embryos that differentiate into any cell of an organism and capable of self-regeneration. The understanding on molecular mechanisms of stem cells has become the central and promising field in scientific study. This review focuses on the pre-existing traditional and modern treatments for wound healing, and types and roles of stem cells in wound care management. This review also focuses on the fundamental molecular characterization and factors influencing the molecular mechanisms of stem cells in wound healing.

Herbal medicinal plants are used to treat various disorders in many traditional medicinal systems around the world. Usage of this herb found in Indian and Chinese medicinal systems. The availability of ginger herb is Universal these days, where it is cultivated for its underground stem (Pseudo-stem). Most commonly used part is rhizome. This  ginger rhizome has many therapeutic uses including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetics, antioxidant, anti-microbial and also curing in vomiting, constipation, indigestion, cold, fever,cough, nausea, reparatory conditions, bronchitis  etc., these activities were checked using different solvents of different polarity. Arthritis is known for its extreme joint pain and swelling may be treated by using ginger essential oil extract. It was studied that it has the capacity to reducing the pro-inflammatory molecules by lowering the RA-F, CRP, ESR level in the blood.The essences of ginger are due to the chemicals present in them. The products obtained from the ginger like essential oil and oleoresin are used all around the world for its food and pharmaceutical properties.The bioactive compounds like [6]- gingerol and its dehydrated form [6]- shogaol can inhibits the production of free radicals and oxidative stress, along with this properties it can reduce the pro-inflammatory molecules like prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2.It also observed by the recent studies that the ginger and its extract have the capacity of suppressing the leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase. To this effect in-vitro study conducted in the lab shows the maximum inhibition as well as maximum protection by the ginger essential oil extract. The essential oil extraction were administered external apply and the variation in the certain proteins and inflammation related antibodies were studied. Keywords:  Zingiber offcinale, Spice, Arthritis, Essential oil, Anti-Inflammatory, Gingerol, Shogaol, Auto-Immune Disorders.

Kaempferol and combretastatin are polyphenolic compounds derived from plant sources which are known for their antibacterial activity. However, owing to their large size and water insolubility, their antibacterial activity is limited. In this context, the present study focused on the nanoformulation of kaempferol (NF-k) and combretastatin (NF-c) and their influence on water solubility and antibacterial properties. The NF-k and NF-c were prepared using the solvent evaporation method and were thoroughly characterized for evaluating the morphology, molecular vibrations, size, etc. Based on the results, it is observed that the pristine forms of kaempferol and combretastatin drugs get nanoformulated and completely soluble in water. Using particle size analyzer, the particle sizes of NF-k and NF-c were estimated as 334 nm and 260 nm, respectively, which are very fine compared to pristine kaempferol and combretastatin (5193 nm and 1217 nm, respectively). The molecular vibrations that exist in NF-k and NF-c were confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectra, where the nanoformulated drug showed lower intensities than the pristine form of kaempferol and combretastatin. The drug release kinetics of the nanoformulated drugs were carried out using the dialysis membrane method and were compared with their pristine forms. Owing to the size effect, the NF-k and NF-c release up to 50% of the drug in a sustained manner till 50 h showing twofold higher concentration than the control where it released 25%. The antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the optical density at 600 nm using UV-vis spectrophotometer and displayed significant activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus strain. The mechanisms behind the antibacterial activity of NF-k and NF-c were discussed in detail. The activation of ATP-dependent efflux pump system and the blockage of porin channels could be the cause for the bactericidal activity. Our understanding of efflux pumps and their role in antibacterial activity is still in its early stages. No studies have been performed to date using nanoformulations of kaempferol and combretastatin to investigate their roles. This complicates the determination of the exact mechanisms acting against bacterial growth when using nanoformulation drugs. Our increasing knowledge of water-soluble nanoformulation drugs and their roles in reduced bacterial activity will pave the way to developing effective treatments in the future.