Objectives Endophytic fungi are an essential source of biologically active compounds. They have the ability to synthesize secondary metabolites which are the same or have a high degree of similarity to their host plants. In this study, we aimed to explore the biodiversity and the bioactivities of active metabolites produced by 14 endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Physalis angulata L. (PA). Methods Fourteen endophytic fungi were isolated from the flowers, stems, leaves, and fruit husks of PA. The endophytic fungi were cultured and incubated in the PDB medium at room temperature. After three weeks, the cultures were extracted using ethyl acetate and dried using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH while antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using microdilution technique. TLC analysis was also done to profile the active compounds within the extract. Results Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower of PA exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity with an antioxidant index value of 0.59 (IC50 = 52.43 μg/mL). Six isolates have strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 8–64 μg/mL. These endophytic fungi are one Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower, one Fusarium sp. isolated from the stem, and four Colletotrichum sp. isolated from leaf and fruit husk of PA. Conclusions Endophytic fungi isolated from PA are potential novel sources of active metabolites especially for antibacterial compounds.

Rational: cMet is abnormally regulated in gastrointestinal cancer, and is associated with increased invasiveness of the disease and poor overall survival. There are indications that targeted therapy against cMet, alone or in combination with additional cancer therapies, can help improve treatment outcome. Thus, in the present study we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel cMet-targeting antibody therapy in gastrointestinal cancer models, and assessed potential augmenting effects in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeted therapy or radiotherapy. Methods: Three different cMet-targeting antibodies were first characterized with respect to antigen binding and effects on cell viability in vitro. The best performing candidate seeMet 12 was then further assessed for effects on colorectal cancer cell growth, proliferation and migration. Combinations with the TKI-inhibitor sorafenib or external beam radiotherapy were then evaluated for potential additive or synergistic effects in vitro using monolayer-and multicellular tumor spheroid assays. Finally, the combination of seeMet 12 and radiotherapy was evaluated in vivo in a proof-of-concept colorectal cancer xenograft study. Results: Dose-dependent therapeutic effects were demonstrated for all three cMettargeting antibodies. Monotherapy using seeMet 12 resulted in impaired cellular migration/proliferation and reduced tumor spheroid growth. Moreover, seeMet 12 was able to potentiate therapeutic effects in vitro for both sorafenib and radiotherapy treatments. Finally, the in vivo therapy study demonstrated promising results, where a combination of seeMet 12 and fractionated radiotherapy increased median survival by 79% compared to radiotherapy alone, and tripled maximum survival. Conclusion: The novel anti-cMet antibody seeMet 12 demonstrated therapeutic effects in cMet positive gastrointestinal cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, the addition of seeMet

The Bogor Botanical Gardens' Citrus hystrix collections from East Sumba and Central Java differ in morphology and fruit aroma compared to the common C. hystrix. Hence, this study aimed to determine the essential oils' compositions of C. hystrix originated from Central Java and East Sumba to further clarify these differences. Extraction of essential oils were done using hydro-distillation, and the chemical compositions were investigated using GC-MS. The main compound of the leaf oil from East Sumba and Central Java was Linalool and Citronellal, respectively. Meanwhile, the main constituents were almost identical for the fruit oils, namely L-β-Pinene, D-Limonene, and L-α-Terpineol.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is commonly used to lower blood pressure, antirheumatic, relaxant, mild diuretic, antiseptic for the urinary tract, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation. According to previous studies, a number of the phytochemicals found in the plant show cytotoxicity toward some types of cancer cells. However, studies on the cytotoxic effects of celery herb ethanolic extract (CEE) on breast cancer cell (T47D), colon cancer cell (WiDr), and cervix cancer cell (HeLa), however, has not been done yet. Our research aims at doing so. Cytotoxicity test was conducted using MTT assay and its absorbance was read using ELISA reader at λ = 595 nm. Results of the assay show that CEE reduces cell viability at concentrations of 100-750 µg/ml on HeLa cells, while reduction of T47D and WiDr cell viability was not achieved until concentrations of 500-750 µg/ml. Based on these results, we conclude that CEE hold many potentials for further developments as preventive and therapeutive agent in cancer treatment.

Macrofungi in Indonesia have not been widely studied for their pharmacological activity, especially as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant properties, even though Indonesia as a tropical country has quite a high diversity of macrofungi. This study aims to reveal the potential of macrofungi from the Enggano forest as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. Four types of macrofungi were collected and their metabolites were extracted using four types of organic solvents. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity assay of the extract was carried out using the TLC Bioautography method. From the sixteen macrofungal extracts, there is one extract that has the strongest antibacterial activity compared to the others, namely n-hexane Coriolopsis polyzona. It showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 256–128 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of the macrofungal extracts showed weak activity with IC50 values of 3080–7370 μg/mL (AAI values of 0.033–0.079).