Biosurfactants are structurally diverse group of surface-active substances produced by microorganisms. At present, biosurfactants have gained importance in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic and food industry, with a high added value, are still developing.

The purpose of research work was to develop and optimize mucoadhesive microspheres of Ziprasidone hydrochloride for nasal delivery with the aim to enhance the residence time and improve therapeutic efficacy. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are those that provide intimate contact of the drug with the mucosa for an extended period of time. In our present work, mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsification method using liquid paraffin as external phase. Ten different formulations were developed. Results show that as the concentration of polymer increases it affects the particle size, production yield, encapsulation efficiency, swelling index, in-vitro mucoadhesion and in-vitro drug release of mucoadhesive microspheres. The in vitro mucoadhesion of microspheres was investigated using freshly isolated goat nasal mucosa. The mucoadhesion for M0, M1, M2, and M9 was tested. The mucoadhesion property was satisfactory. The M2 exhibited lowest mucoadhesion of 68.9%, and M0 displayed highest mucoadhesion of 87.5%. The In Vitro release studies it revealed that 84.1% of drug release from formulation M1 at 7hrs. The 50% of the drug was released from the formulation M2 and 70.67% from formulation M9.This formulations were further used for SEM for particles size analysis, mucoadhesion test and in-vitro drug release. The In-vitro % drug release data suggest that the maximum and sustained drug release was obtained for formulation M1.The present study showed that Ziprasidone hydrochloride chitosan microspheres can deliver intanasally which can improve the therapeutic outcome for the Epileptic seizure. Keywords: Ziprasidone hydrochloride, Mucoadhesive microspheres, Nasal drug delivery, Drug Entrapment efficiency.

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Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as butterfly pea, is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Fabaceae family. It has recently attracted a lot of interest as it has potential applications both in modern medicine and agriculture, and as a source of natural food colorants and antioxidants.Additionally, Clitoria ternateahas been widely used in traditional medicine, particularly as a supplement to enhance cognitive functions and alleviate symptoms of numerous ailments including fever, inflammation, pain, and diabetes.The present study was undertaken to investigate diuretic effect of aqueous and ethanolextracts of the dried flowers of Clitoria ternatea in normal rats.Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature.Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Clitoria ternateaflowers were administered to experimental ratsorally at doses of 500 mg/kg p.o. Furosemide (5 mg/kg) was used as positive control instudy. The diuretic effect of the extracts was evaluated by measuring urine volume and sodium content.Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence some common compounds like alkaloids, resins, steroids, tannins, saponins, and glycoside.Urine volume was significantly increased by aqueous and ethanol extracts incomparison to control group. While the excretion of sodium was also increased by both extracts.We can conclude that aqueous and ethanol extracts of Clitoria ternateaproduced notablediuretic effect which appeared to be comparable to that produced by the reference diuretic Furosemide. Thepresent study provides a quantitative basis for explaining the folkloric use of Clitoria ternateaas a diuretic agent. Keywords: Clitoria ternatea, Fabaceae, Phytochemical constituents, Diuretic effect, Furosemide