Among carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have received a surge of interest in recent years due to their attractive features such as tunable photoluminescence, cost effectiveness, nontoxic renewable resources, quick and direct reactions, chemical and superior water solubility, good cell-membrane permeability, and simple operation. CDs and their composites have a large potential for sensing contaminants present in physical systems such as water resources as well as biological systems. Tuning the properties of CDs is a very important subject. This review discusses in detail heteroatom doping (N-doped CDs, N-CDs) and the formation of metal-based CD nanocomposites using a combination of matrices, such as metals and metal oxides. The properties of N-CDs and metal-based CDs nanocomposites, their syntheses, and applications in both chemical sensing and biosensing are reviewed.

The purpose of research work was to develop and optimize mucoadhesive microspheres of Ziprasidone hydrochloride for nasal delivery with the aim to enhance the residence time and improve therapeutic efficacy. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are those that provide intimate contact of the drug with the mucosa for an extended period of time. In our present work, mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsification method using liquid paraffin as external phase. Ten different formulations were developed. Results show that as the concentration of polymer increases it affects the particle size, production yield, encapsulation efficiency, swelling index, in-vitro mucoadhesion and in-vitro drug release of mucoadhesive microspheres. The in vitro mucoadhesion of microspheres was investigated using freshly isolated goat nasal mucosa. The mucoadhesion for M0, M1, M2, and M9 was tested. The mucoadhesion property was satisfactory. The M2 exhibited lowest mucoadhesion of 68.9%, and M0 displayed highest mucoadhesion of 87.5%. The In Vitro release studies it revealed that 84.1% of drug release from formulation M1 at 7hrs. The 50% of the drug was released from the formulation M2 and 70.67% from formulation M9.This formulations were further used for SEM for particles size analysis, mucoadhesion test and in-vitro drug release. The In-vitro % drug release data suggest that the maximum and sustained drug release was obtained for formulation M1.The present study showed that Ziprasidone hydrochloride chitosan microspheres can deliver intanasally which can improve the therapeutic outcome for the Epileptic seizure. Keywords: Ziprasidone hydrochloride, Mucoadhesive microspheres, Nasal drug delivery, Drug Entrapment efficiency.

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is global problem. According to World Health Organization data more than 23000 people die or become critically ill due to resistance of antibiotic therefore the unavoidable threat to human life is rising day by day. India has the highest infectious disease burden in the world and consequently antibiotics play a critical role in limiting morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess knowledge attitude and practices regarding antibiotic administration and its resistance, to assess the association between knowledge, attitude and practice. Research Methodology: Evaluative research approach and descriptive design is used in this study. The major variables in the study were knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing professionals. Self-structured knowledge questionnaire is used for collection of data.100 staff nurses were selected from population based on inclusion criteria. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select samples. Result: Total 100 nursing professional from various District of Chhattisgarh state participated in study, in which knowledge score found 27(27%) having Adequate knowledge, 50(50%) having Moderately adequate knowledge and 23(23%) having Inadequate knowledge, level of attitude found 38(38%) having Favourable attitude, 61(61%) having Moderate attitude, 1(1%) Unfavourable attitude and level of practice found 22(22%) having Good practice, 46(46%) having Moderate practice score and 32 (32%) having Poor practice score. Correlation found between Knowledge & Practice. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, antibiotic administration, nursing professionals.