1-Methylindole-3-carboxamides react with substituted propargyl alcohols to afford lactams by [4 + 3]-annulation and carboxamide group migration to the indole-2-position. In contrast, indole-2-carboxylic acids/amides form fused sevenmembered lactones/lactams (oxepinoindolones/azepinoindolones) upon treatment with substituted propargyl alcohols using catalytic Cu(OTf) 2 . Decarboxylative cyclization of 1-methylindole-2-or indole-3-carboxylic acids with substituted propargyl alcohols under Lewis (for 1-methylindole-2-carboxylic acid) or Brønsted (for 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid) acid catalysis gives the same 3,4-dihydrocyclopentaindoles, demonstrating 3-to 2-carboxylate migration in the latter case.I ndole-fused seven-membered ε-lactams are often found as core structural motifs in natural products and biologically active compounds (Figure 1), but reported methods for their

Brønsted acid-mediated, transition-metal-free reaction of propargyl alcohols with sulfonamido-indoles/-indolines under mild conditions affords highly substituted δ- or α-carbolines in good to excellent yields. This protocol involves cascade reaction sequences of Friedel–Crafts alkylation/ [1,5]-hydrogen shift/electrocyclization/elimination/ [1,2]-aryl migration followed by aromatization. An unexpected regioselective tosyl group migration from indole 2- to 6-position and arene elimination leading to α-carbolines has also been discovered.

In this review, we summarize advances in [4+3] and a few other annulation/cycloaddition reactions for the construction of seven membered rings, with an emphasis on the literature subsequent to the year 2010. The type of products include the following: azepines, diazepines, benzazepinones, 1,2‐diazepinones, oxazepinones, benzothiazepines, benzodiazepinones, benzoxopinones, cyclohepta[b]indoles, benzoxazepines, azepino‐indoles, oxepines/oxazepanes, triazepines oxepinoindolones/azepinoindolones, oxadiazepines, azabicyclooctanes. Emphasis is also given to cover diverse types of annulations; possible intermediates are displayed in the illustrated schemes to aid future work.

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