Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercises on cardiopulmonary endurance among Autistic child of different age groups. Methodology: The study was RCT The sampling technique used was Non-probability convenient technique for selection then randomization was done through lottery method. The sample size of 30 was divided into two groups Group A and Group B. Group A was asked to perform stationary cycling for 5 minutes or as per their schedule of daily activities and Harvard step test. Group B was asked to perform Stationary cycling for 10 minutes with warm-up and cool-down for 5 minutes each before and after exercise. Non parametric test was applied for results. Results : comparison of both groups showed Significant improvement in sBP, dBP, HR post training and stationary cycling speed shown significant improvement on week 5 with P value <0.05. Harvard step test post training showed significant difference with P value <0.05. CARS showed significant improvement post training in Experimental group. Conclusion: In this study it was concluded that stationary cycling and Harvard step test are beneficial in order to manage maladaptive behavior of autism spectrum disorder. Stationary cycling with warm up 5 minutes and cool down 5 minutes protocol and Harvard step test are less demanding exercise protocol to increase cardio-respiratory fitness. There was increase in Lung volume capacities after exercise protocol. Keywords: Autism, CARS, Harvard step test, sBP, dBP

The objective was to determine the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) and comparison of lower back pain among surgeons of different specialties. METHODS: For this research 100 surgeons sample size was estimated. A self-prepared questionnaire having 25 items was distributed in respondents to gather data about the prevalence of lower back pain in surgeons of   different specialties. Using SPSS V-19 data was analyzed having quantitative and qualitative variables. RESULT: It was noted that out of 10, general (4), cardiac (2), plastic (2), ENT(4),  trauma(6), pediatric(4), and orthopedic(7), neuro (2), urology(2) and gynecology (6) specialty felt lower back pain during surgeries. Out of 100 surgeons of diverse specialty 43 surgeons have lower back pain during the surgery. Out of 100 diverse specialty surgeons’ 25 surgeons have LBP in region of lumbar, thoracic region (2 surgeons) and 29 in their region of lower lumbar. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that Gyne & Obs and ENT surgeons are more prone to lower back pain (LBP) as compare to the surgeons of other specialties. The reason of the lower back pain was tough routine, lengthy standing time during surgeries of patients, adaptation of abnormal postures and due to less rest time.

Objective: Determine the prevalence of alexithymia and its relationship with smartphone addiction and physical activity among university students of Islamabad. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a 20 item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Long version (SAS-LV), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form (IPAQ-SF) were administered to 377 students from 6 universities of Islamabad using convenient sampling technique and the data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences 26. Results: Alexithymia was present in 29.7% of university students and it was positively correlated with smartphone addiction but not significantly associated with physical activity. The two factors in the subscales of alexithymia DIF and DDF were positively correlated with smartphone addiction whereas EOT was not significantly correlated. Moreover, other sociodemographic variables showed a positive relationship with alexithymia: age, gender, satisfaction with life and residential status. Practical implications: This study would increase the awareness about alexithymia and its associated factors in the local community which would further steer direction to seek help from healthcare practitioners. Conclusion: More than 1/4rth of the university students were suffering from alexithymia and the score of alexithymia increased with level of smartphone addiction. Keywords: Alexithymia, University students, Islamabad, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Long version, International Physical activity questionnaire.

The objective was to determine the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) and comparison of lower back pain among surgeons of different specialties. METHODS: For this research 100 surgeons sample size was estimated. A self-prepared questionnaire having 25 items was distributed in respondents to gather data about the prevalence of lower back pain in surgeons of   different specialties. Using SPSS V-19 data was analyzed having quantitative and qualitative variables. RESULT: It was noted that out of 10, general (4), cardiac (2), plastic (2), ENT(4),  trauma(6), pediatric(4), and orthopedic(7), neuro (2), urology(2) and gynecology (6) specialty felt lower back pain during surgeries. Out of 100 surgeons of diverse specialty 43 surgeons have lower back pain during the surgery. Out of 100 diverse specialty surgeons’ 25 surgeons have LBP in region of lumbar, thoracic region (2 surgeons) and 29 in their region of lower lumbar. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that Gyne & Obs and ENT surgeons are more prone to lower back pain (LBP) as compare to the surgeons of other specialties. The reason of the lower back pain was tough routine, lengthy standing time during surgeries of patients, adaptation of abnormal postures and due to less rest time.