Floods are the most common type of disaster globally, responsible for almost 53,000 deaths the last decade alone (23:1 low-versus high-income countries). This review assessed recent epidemiological evidence on the impacts of floods on human health. Published articles (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) on the quantitative relationship between floods and health were systematically reviewed. 35 relevant epidemiological studies were identified. Health outcomes were categorized into short-and long-term and were found to depend on the flood characteristics and people's vulnerability. It was found that long-term health effects are currently not well understood. Mortality rates were found to increase by up to 50% in the first year post-flood. After floods, it was found there is an increased risk of disease outbreaks such as Hepatitis E, gastrointestinal disease and leptospirosis, particularly in areas with poor hygiene and displaced populations. Psychological distress in survivors (prevalence 8.6% to 53% two years post-flood) can also exacerbate their physical illness. There is a need for effective policies to reduce and prevent flood-related morbidity and mortality. Such steps are contingent upon the improved understanding of potential health impacts of floods. Global trends in urbanization, burden of disease, malnutrition and maternal and child health must be better reflected in flood preparedness and mitigation programs.Citation'information:

The 2011 Brisbane floods had significant impact on the physical and psychosocial health of residents. Improved support strategies may need to be integrated into existing disaster management programs to reduce flood-related health impacts, particularly those related to mental health.

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David Hipgrave and colleagues argue that we must find more effective, equitable, feasible and affordable ways to engage the public in health priority setting in developing countries. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

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