Breast reconstruction (BR) should be offered and discussed to each woman with breast cancer who planned for mastectomy, except the cases with severe comorbidities. However, the majority of these patients do not undergo reconstructive surgery. A 20-question survey was administered to a group of 50 women (age 29–83 years, median 53) treated with mastectomy. 22.4 % underwent reconstruction of the breast, 24.5 % declared an interest in BR in the future, 53.1 % were not interested in reconstructive surgery. 51.2 % obtained information concerning BR before surgery, 58.1 % after and 44.2 % both before and after mastectomy. 59.2 % were informed about reimbursement. Information given before surgery had a statistically significant impact on performing reconstruction or a declared interest in BR (X 2 = 4.950, df = 1, p < 0.05), as well as information about reimbursement (X 2 = 8.875, df = 1, p < 0.05). Age <55 years was another significant factor (X 2 = 13.522, df = 1, p < 0.05, C Pearson = 0.525). Level of education did not impact upon the choice (p > 0.05). The main reasons for the refusal were fear of complications (47.4 %), priority to recovery over aesthetic (36.8 %), age, defined by the patient as “advanced” (31.6 %), high level of acceptance of the body after amputation (31.6 %), fear of cancer recurrence (26.3 %) and fear of the pain and discomfort (15.8 %). Each patient who planned for mastectomy should obtain sufficient information regarding breast reconstruction. Exact information is of special benefit to women discouraged by imagined disadvantages of surgery. Patients’ education impacts the quality of life—not only before surgery but also lifelong after finishing the treatment.

Cechą charakterystyczną gospodarki Unii Europejskiej jest znaczący w niej udział sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw – MSP. Przedsiębiorstwa te, w porównaniu z przedsiębiorstwami dużymi, w tym zwłaszcza spółkami akcyjnymi, są słabszymi podmiotami gospodarczymi. Ich znacznie mniejsze możliwości pozyskiwania kapitału i zaawansowanych technologii powodują, że są w dużym stopniu zagrożone upadłością. Jednak dzięki aktywnej polityce wspierania prywatnej przedsiębiorczości liczba nowo powstających przewyższa liczbę tych, którym się nie powiodło (Leśniewski 2003). Polityka ta opiera się na założeniu, że sektor MSP przyczynia się do powstawania klasy średniej, której istnienie jest warunkiem stabilnej demokracji oraz przeciwdziała procesom koncentracji w gospodarce rynkowej i jej monopolizacji, ograniczającym wolny wybór i konkurencję (Ważniewski 2003).

The main goal of the article is to present the regional innovation strategies in the context of the industrial changes in Poland. The analysis has three parts. The first part introduces the general aims of RIS and their history in Europe, the second concerns the RIS in Poland and one of the Polish RIS in particular – RIS Silesia, and the third part describes the effects of Regional Innovations Strategies.RIS are the instruments of regional governments to build the regional innovation systems. A regional innovation system is the environment improving the entrepreneurship and innovation. RIS have been known in Europe since the 1980s but in Poland they are a new instrument implemented by the relatively new structures of regional government.The process of creation and implementation of these documents should be observed by the academics from the beginning, as it may turn out to be one of the most important instruments of the economic policy of the Polish regions. This is because of the financial capacity of the Polish regions and their willingness to follow the West European regions’ example.

Background: Autologous peripheral blood marrow stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) preceded by high-dose chemotherapy is a well-known method of treatment for patients with hematological cancers. Performing the procedure entails obtaining from the patient their own stem cells from peripheral blood using G-CSF. Currently, various filgrastim biosimilars are widely used. Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of three different biosimilars of filgrastim in PBSC mobilization in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 282 patients (118 women and 164 men) who underwent stem cells mobilization for auto-PBSCT in the Department of Hematology in Wroclaw in 2012-2014. Three filgrastim biosimilars were used: Tevagrastim (95), Nivestim (92), and Zarzio (95). Ninety patients (32%) were diagnosed with multiple myeloma, 55 (19%) withHodgkin's lymphoma, 90 (32%) with NHLs, 20 (7%) with acute myeloid leukemia, and 27 (10%) with another hematological cancer. Results: The mean number of CD34+ cells collected during the first leukapheresis was 5.95 × 10 6