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During his 1843 trip along the southern coast of New Zealand, government official Edward Shortland found the whaling settlement recently established at Jacob's River/Aparima (now Riverton) in the Foveaux Strait 'built on the southern slope of some well wooded hills, and being white-washed, and having near them green enclosures of corn and potatos, presented, while shone on by the morning sun, the most smiling and refreshing aspect imaginable.  Shortland's account presents a sharp contrast to descriptions of northern settlements in the Bay of Islands, where early cultural exchanges were often characterized by licentious and lewd behaviour.

In the work reported in the literature the reduction or decrement in the magnitude of the Müller-Lyer illusion with continued inspection has been typically investigated with the use of the composite illusion form. Three experiments are reported in which the illusion decrement was separately examined in the underestimated (wings-in) and the overestimated (wings-out) forms of the Müller-Lyer illusion, with particular attention paid to the transfer of illusion decrement between the two forms. Decrement occurred in both forms of the Müller-Lyer illusion, although there was considerable intersubject variability in decrement effects, and nonuniform rates of decrement across the inspection period. In none of the experiments did transfer of illusion decrement between the two forms occur. It is argued that the attentional/differentiation hypothesis of illusion decrement provides a plausible account of the present findings as well as of those found with the composite Müller-Lyer figure.

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