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The aim: to study the content of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb) in the placenta of pregnant healthy women and with signs of intrauterine infection of the fetus, features of transplacental transmission of infectious process from mother to fetus and to investigate the role of the placenta in trace element supply of the fetus. Materials and methods. 43 pregnant women between the aged 16 to 40 years were monitored, including 12 with physiological pregnancy (group 1) and 31 with signs of STI (group 2). All pregnant women underwent standard comprehensive examination, evaluation of fetal cardiac output and non-stress testing using cardio-toсography (CTG) in the third trimester. The group of pregnant women with signs of fetal ulcers included women whose pregnancy was complicated by chronic fetoplacental dysfunction (FPD), infectious lesions of the fetoplacental complex, which were diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound signs of placenta, syndrome of infectious and surrounding infections. Results: The content of essential trace elements in the placenta of the main group was significantly lower than in the placenta of the control group. There was a decrease in the concentration of iron by 32%, zinc – by 46%, nickel – by 44%, copper more than tripled, chromium – 4 times. Deficiency of essential trace elements (iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel) and elevated lead content in the placenta leads to the formation of conditions for the development of placental dysfunction, the progression of which leads to fetal distress, developmental delay syndrome and antenatal fetal death. Conclusions: 1. One of the links in the pathogenesis of intrauterine infection in the fetus is the imbalance of essential trace elements in the system «mother – placenta – fetus». 2. Pregnant women with signs of intrauterine infection are characterized by a deficiency of serum Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and an increased content of Pb, Cr and Co compared with pregnant women with physiological pregnancy. 3. Umbilical cord blood of women with evidence of fetal fetal infection also has a reduced content of iron, copper, zinc and high levels of lead, cobalt and chromium. 4. Disruption of placental function in intrauterine infection of the fetus is caused by reduced content of iron, zinc, copper, nickel and lead accumulation.

The aim: To study and analyze the dynamics of women’s reproductive health in Ukraine as a factor in population reproduction and to study the features of menstrual disorders in Ukraine in 2010-2019. In women of reproductive age with hyperproliferative pathology of the endometrium without atypia. Materials and methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using data from the departmental statistical reporting of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the number of cases of gynecological pathology for 2010–2019. The peculiarities of menstrual function in patients of reproductive age with atypical hyperproliferative pathology of the endometrium were studied. We examined 84 patients of the gynecological department of the Sumy Regional Clinical Perinatal Center with a diagnosis of hyperproliferative pathology of the endometrium without atypia, who sought medical help during 2017-2020 for hyperplastic processes of the endometrium in reproductive age (18 to 49 years). All patients were divided into three groups, up to group I women with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (HGE) (n = 30); Group II – patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps (n = 30); group III included patients with combined hyperproliferative pathology (uterine body polyps and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia) (n = 24). Results: As a result of the conducted systematic analysis it was established: the higher the prevalence of PMC, the higher the frequency of diseases of the genitourinary system and some gynecological diseases. This is confirmed by the calculated coefficients of correlation of the prevalence of PMC with the frequency of diseases of the genitourinary system (r = 0.75, p<0.001), salpingitis (r = 0.63, p<0.001) and endometriosis (r = 0.42, p<0, 05). The assessment of the relative risk of gynecological diseases has shown that the greatest attention needs to be paid to improving the diagnosis of infertility and endometriosis, as well as the prevention and treatment of salpingitis and uterine cancer. When women with menstrual disorders go to the gynecologist, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of hyperproliferative pathology, and if women have other chronic diseases, offer rehabilitation of these foci, which can further have a positive effect on reproductive health. Conclusions: The highest rates of menstrual irregularities were found in women with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and a combination diffuse hyperplasia with endometrial polyps in contrast to patients with only endometrial polyps. Menstrual irregularities can be considered as a marker and indicator of dysfunction of the genitourinary system and the presence of a hyperproliferative process at the prehospital stage.

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