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Approaches to substantiation of innovative ecological solutions to reduce the production impact on the environment have been studied. Ways to increase environmental safety on the basis of sustainable development through a well-founded complex selection of innovative solutions are proposed. Based on the method of analysis of hierarchies (MAI), a methodical approach for determining the priority innovative ecological solutions. The developed approach makes it possible to involve experts in environmental, urban planning, social, and economic direction of municipal management bodies of a specific settlement, industrial, residential, and military facilities. According to the developed approach, criteria formulated as influencing groups of factors. Relevant experts, relying on various types of information (data of direct measurements, statistical and predictive estimates) on the specific purpose and innovative ecological solutions, give their own judgments regarding the priority of the advantages of the specified criteria. Expert judgments are processed according to the formal procedure of the MAI, which is implemented on a computer, and is the basis for decision-making when choosing the innovative ecological solutions in specific conditions. The multi-criteria hierarchical structure of innovative ecological solutions is represented by a sequence of actions that include the following stages: development of elements of a methodical approach; verification of the consistency of the proposed hierarchical structure for determining priority technologies based on the input data of several objects of settlements; obtaining data on the priority of innovative ecological solutions for implementation on these objects. The advantages of the proposed methodical approach should include the possibility to link to a single algorithm for the justification of the required decision data that differ both in their content (ecological, biological in terms of higher aquatic plants, urban planning, social and economic) and in the form of presentation (data of direct measurements, statistical and predictive estimates). Keywords: environmental safety, balanced nature management, system approach, technologies, tools and ecological and economic aspects of environmental protection activities, environmental quality, processing of eco-data, regulatory framework, sustainability.

The prospects of increasing the efficiency of fermentation process of organic substrates to ensure the maximum yield of biogas and increase the economic efficiency of processing of organic sewage sludge are considered. Biogas, as an analogue of natural gas, is used in production of thermal and electrical energy, as transport motor fuel, as a raw material for chemical industry. An analysis of trends in intensification of methane fermentation processes was carried out. A promising way to increase productivity of methane generation process during processing of organic matter is to increase the energy saturation of an organic substrate and its preliminary treatment. One of the approaches aimed at intensifying methane generation is use of organic waste as an auxiliary substrate for fermentation of sewage sludge – a process known as co-fermentation. The sediments of primary and secondary settling tanks of the biological wastewater treatment complex were studied. According to results of tests, it was noted that ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the studied excess activated sludge is 4–5, in the mixture of primary and secondary sediment – 5–6, in sediment from sludge sites – 6–10, which is significantly less than desired ratio of 20:1, which limits the negative impact of increased nitrogen content in the organic substrate for methane fermentation. According to obtained data, it can be predicted that nitrogen-containing compounds present in sewage sludge will contribute to a microbiological process of formation of nitrogen-containing reduced products, which reduce output of methane during methanogenesis. The expediency of enriching the inoculated biocenosis with hydrolytic enzyme preparations or microorganisms with high hydrolytic activity is shown, given the fact that activated sludge has a lower hydrolytic activity than enzyme preparations isolated from the same sludge, as well as than some bacteria, and even more so microscopic fungi. This was caused by presence of inert organic and inorganic mass, dead microorganisms and those with low hydrolytic activity in the sludge biomass. It is also possible to increase speed of the first phase of sediment fermentation due to alkaline pretreatment of the substrate mixture.

This paper aimed at analysing the current state of methods of increasing methane generation during treatment of organic sewage sludge. The authors considered the theoretical principles of biogas production and the main directions of intensification of methane fermentation processes. A chemical study of sediments produced at sewage treatment plants in the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, showed that the C/N ratio in the investigated excess activated sludge is 4–5, in the mixture of primary and secondary sediment - 5–6, in sediment from sludge sites - 6–10, which is significantly less than the ratio of 20:1, which limits the negative impact of increased nitrogen content in organic substrate for methane fermentation. The directions for rising speed of the first phase of sediment fermentation and directions for increasing methane output during fermentation of a complex organic substrate have been determined. The promising technologies of adding organic substrates, richer in carbon compared to sewage sludge, have been noted. This solution will not only make it possible to improve productivity of fermenters, but at the same time resolve the issue of organic waste management.

Об'єктом дослідження є сучасні конструкції дренажних систем швидких фільтрів. Дренажна розподільча система швидких фільтрів є найважливішим їх елементом, від якого залежить рівномірність збору фільтрату і його якість, а також розподіл промивної води і в цілому ефективність промивки фільтру. Проведено аналіз результатів реконструкції дренажних систем фільтрів на комплексі водопідготовки «Дніпро» Комунального підприємства «Харківводоканал» (Україна). Проведений у роботі аналіз експлуатаційних показників використання дренажних систем швидких фільтрів дозволяє виявити доцільність їх застосування. Технічні характеристики та досвід експлуатації свідчить, що найбільш перспективними є системи, виготовлені з полімербетону. Існуючі технології дозволяють отримувати пористий полімербетон оптимального складу як в заводських умовах, так і безпосередньо на об'єкті. В якості наповнювача використовується кварцовий пісок-зерна розміром 0,6-1,2 мм, які мають форму близьку до сферичної (окатанні). Кожне зерно покривається шаром полімерного сполучного, при з'єднанні зерен утворюються міжзернові структурні перемички. Після завершення процесу полімеризації утворюється матеріал з регулярною структурою із розгалуженою мережею порових каналів. Висока гладкість каналів, як результат покриття полімерною плівкою, забезпечує малі значення гідравлічного опору фільтроматеріалу. Своєчасність і повнота регенерації фільтра забезпечує заданий термін його служби. В іншому випадку можливе поступове наростання гідравлічного опору фільтра, яке в подальшому вже не зможе бути зменшено навіть високоінтенсивним промиванням через ущільнення забруднень в порових каналах. Це призведе до необхідності дострокової заміни фільтроелементів. Застосування полімербетонних дренажних систем дозволить відмовитися від гравійних шарів, які підтримують, уникнути засмічення дренажу, знизити витрату промивної води і води на власні потреби в цілому, зменшити витрату електроенергії. Ключові слова: очищення води, швидкий фільтр, дренажна система, пористий полімербетон, промивка фільтру, промивна вода.