The combination of negative effects of urbanization and climate change in large cities poses a real threat to environmental, economic, and social stability in the world. The intensification of climate change and the analysis of its negative effects in cities show that climate change causes special threats in cities that are not specific to other types of human settlements. Assessing the vulnerability of urban ecosystems to climate change and planning measures to adapt cities to climate challenges is an important element of spatial infrastructure planning. The goal was to analyze the green infrastructure spatial arrangements on the example of green zones in Lviv. According to the results of field research and analysis of cadastral data, it was determined that most of the green areas are in the municipal property of the city, the only exceptions are the sites of the nature reserve fund of national importance. The total area of parks and squares of the city is more than 1,069 ha, of which 24% are areas of nature reserve. The provision of the urban population with public green spaces is about 14.82 m2.person−1. The green infrastructure is based mainly on objects – cores (e.g. parks and squares). There is also a reserve in the city to expand the boundaries of green areas. The combination of “cores” with green corridors and the use of point objects of green infrastructure will contribute to the continuity of the green spaces network, which in turn will provide more environmental and socio-economic benefits for the population.

While it is important to recognize how as destructive the war in Ukraine has been and continues to be, it is just as important to start planning to rebuild the war-affected areas. Since the construction industry is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and the lifespan of buildings and infrastructure extends beyond 50 years, it is essential to include net-zero climate targets in the post-war reconstruction. One possible step that can be taken to meet the climate policy goals is to use construction materials, where the manufacturing and use have a balancing effect the GHG emissions. These construction materials store carbon, and their manufacturing is associated with low GHG emissions. To give an example, timber can be considered as an alternative material in place of traditionally used cement and steel. The total carbon stored in newly built urban infrastructures worldwide over the next 30 years would sum up to 2-20 Gt if 90% of these would be built with timber, to 1-11 Gt in the 50% timber scenario, and to 0.25-2.3 Gt in the 10% timber scenario [1]. However, few Ukrainian city planners and decision-makers have knowledge of climate policy goals or possible climate mitigation and adaptation options. Ukrainian scientists currently living abroad can play important roles in the knowledge transfer. The post-war reconstruction as a window of opportunity to get closer to meeting the net-zero emissions targets in UkraineThe war in Ukraine started in 2014, and its second phase began with the Russian aggression on 24 February 2022. In July 2022, the Ukrainian President V. Zelenskiy presented the Ukraine Recovery Plan; an interactive map of destruction was developed for better visualization. As of 5 July 2022, 1893 schools, 748 health facilities, 23,863.5 km roads and 59,031 mln sq m of residential buildings had been destroyed (most of the destruction of residential buildings had occurred in the Donetsk (17,324 mln sq m), Luhansk (12,021 mln sq m) and Kharkiv regions (9,578 mln sq m) [2]. Moreover, by June 2022, UNESCO had reported the destruction of 152 cultural sites, including churches and libraries [3]. During first 100 days, more than 300 bridges and about 20-30% of infrastructure elements were destroyed or partially damaged [4]. Typical examples of destruction are shown in Fig 1.According to the Fast Recovery Plan, which was presented on 4-5 July 2022 at the Ukraine Recovery Conference in Lugano, Switzerland, a key focus should be placed on the liberated areas in the Kyiv, Chernihiv and Kharkiv regions. According to data from July 2022 in liberated areas, 1997 houses including 199,873 apartments were completely destroyed, causing 329,360 persons to lose their homes, and 4677 houses including 280,620 apartments were partly ruined, causing 982,170 persons to lose their homes. Twenty percent of these examples of destruction were one-room apartments (approx. 32 m 2 each), 28% were two-room apartments (approx. 49 m 2 each), and 52% were three-room apartments (approx. 65 m 2 each).

Relevance. Modern urbanization processes in Kharkiv are accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the natural component, compaction of buildings and reduction of green areas. The concept of green infrastructure is used in many countries around the world; it is the best way to reorganize urban space into modern cities. The purpose of the article is a determination of quality changes of water runoff after passing through of green roofs in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Material and methods. A green roof is the roof of a build, partially or completely covered with vegetation and soil layer. Green roofs are divided into “intensive” and “extensive” types. In the research was studied the frequency of use of green roofs in construction and landscaping on the example of Kharkiv, was conducted an inventory of green roofs in Kharkiv. As the number of green roofs in Kharkiv is rather small, is optimal to choice the particular test sites for research. For chemical analysis, were taken samples of snow, surface runoff from the flat, and sloping green roofs and roof without greening for the content of pollutants. Chemical analysis of the samples was performed by the Laboratory of Analytical Ecological Research of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The laboratory has the attestation and certificate of ISO 10012:2005 № 01-0155/2019. The study determined the following indicators: pH, nitrites, nitrates, transparency, smell, turbidity, chlorides, general rigidity, total alkalinity, ammonia, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, total iron, chromium. Two types often represent green roofs in Kharkiv: parking roofs and cellars. Points of samples are located at Shevchenkivsky and Kholodnohirsky districts. Results and discussion. Results of a study of snow and runoff sampling after a green roof and a roof without landscaping show that most water quality indicators improve after water passes through green areas. Thus, at points the pH, general rigidity, alkalinity, concentration of chlorides, chromium are decrease. The green roof of the first point (parking) also reduces the concentration of nitrites, ammonia, zinc and manganese. The concentration of iron also decreases in the second point. However, there is an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the water due to their accumulation in the substrate of the green roof. The results of the study are can be used by the Post-Soviet countries, as previously the impact of surface runoff was considered only in terms of the flow of pollutants from storm sewers to water bodies. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that green roofs contribute to the treatment of runoff, natural replenishment of surface water bodies and groundwater and reduce the load on municipal wastewater treatment plant.

A comparative analysis of the forest growth features of low-productive grey forest sandy soils of the Polissia, the Forest-Steppe and the Northern Steppe of Ukraine was performed. Although grey forest soils from different natural zones are distinguished in the genesis of their soil rocks, as well as typical and zonal belongings, at the same time they are united by an important general characteristic, light texture, determining the similarity of physical, physico-chemical and agrochemical indicators and, in general, forest site capacity. A package of markers to assess the forest site capacity of sandy soils (pine habitats) with such soil quality indicators as the content of physical clay, the coarseness of the humified layer of soil profile and K2O content was revealed.