Background:The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intravenous isoniazid (H) and ethambutol (E) administered in patients with new sputum positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in the intensive phase of treatment. Methods: Fifty-four patients with TB/TM and HIV co-infection were enrolled for this study. Group 1 comprised of 23 patients treated with E and H intravenously, while rifampicin and pyrazinamide were prescribed orally. Group 2 consisted of 31 patients treated with the first-line anti-TB drugs orally. The concentrations of H and E in blood serum were detected using a chromatographic method. Results: A significant improvement in the clinical symptoms and X-ray signs in patients treated intravenously with H and E was observed and compared to group 2. The sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity was observed during the second month of the treatment in 25.0% of patients from group 1 and 76.1% of the patients from the control group (p=0.003). In addition, nine patients (39.1%) died up to 6 months when H and E were prescribed intravenously compared with 22 (70.9%) in group 2 (p=0.023). Conclusion:In TB/TM with HIV, the intravenous H and E treatment was more effective than oral H and E treatment at 2 months of intensive treatment in sputum conversion as well as in clinical improvement, accompanied by significantly higher mean serum concentrations. In addition, the mortality rate was lower in intravenous H and E treatment compared to oral treatment.

Introduction Vidofludimus calcium has shown anti-inflammatory effects in clinical trials of autoimmune diseases and recently demonstrated antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vidofludimus calcium in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Europe and the USA. Methods Patients aged 18 years or older who positive for COVID-19 were randomized (1:1) to receive placebo or 45 mg vidofludimus calcium for 14 days with both groups receiving standard-of-care treatment. The primary endpoint was the need for invasive ventilation after 28 days (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04379271; EudraCT 2020-001264-28). Results Between June 12, 2020 and December 10, 2020, a total of 223 were randomized to receive either placebo ( n = 112) or vidofludimus calcium ( n = 111); three patients withdrew consent and were not treated. Eight (9%) patients in the placebo group and 12 (11%) patients in the vidofludimus calcium group needed invasive ventilation during the 28-day study period, which was lower than the assumed rate of 40%. Time to clinical improvement was shorter by approximately 1 day in the vidofludimus calcium group (15.0 days [90% CI 14.8–15.9]) compared to the placebo group (15.9 days [90% CI 14.9–19.9]). This effect was greatest in patients who initiated therapy within 9 days of symptom onset (3.8 days shorter in the vidofludimus calcium group). Higher trough concentrations of vidofludimus calcium were associated with quicker time to clinical recovery. The rate and timing of appearance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not different between groups. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 (4%) patients in the placebo group and 2 (2%) patients in the vidofludimus calcium group; treatment-emergent adverse events of increased severity related to COVID-19 occurred in 13 (12%) patients in the placebo group and 8 (7%) patients in the vidofludimus calcium group. Overall mortality was low (2%). Conclusions These findings support vidofludimus calcium being safe and well tolerated in patients with COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-022-00690-0.

Background: Actuality of study of infectious mononucleosis (ІМ) is conditioned by high infected of population by the Epstein – Barr virus (EBV), specific virus affinity to the immunocompetent cells, lifelong virus persistence in an organism and often latent process. Methods: Research on the work topic was conducted at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Kharkiv National Medical University. A total of 45 patients with IM (26 men and 19 women) who were hospitalized at the Regional Clinical Hospital in 2018–2019 years were surveyed. The vast majority of patients with IM were young people aged from 18 to 25, of whom 597 % were students. Results: The clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein–Barr virus, mainly characterized by manifestations of hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, intoxication syndrome and nasopharyngeal tonsillitis. The efficacy of combined use of Valacyclovir and Nuclex in complex therapy of patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein – Barr virus (EBV) was studied. The use of such therapy was found to promotes regression of clinical symptoms, contribute to normalization of indices of clinical blood tests and lead to a decrease of the number of EVB's DNA copies in the blood serum or complete elimination of virus. Conclusions: Thus, evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of valacyclovir and nuclex in the complex therapy of patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein–Barr virus, indicates a more significant regression of clinical symptoms, significantly more pronounced positive impact on the indicators of clinical blood analysis and the number of copies of EBV DNA in blood serum than in the comparison group. Obtained results allowed to substantiate the use of complex therapy of valacyclovir and nuclex in patients with IM caused by EBV.

Aim.To study the lipid metabolism indexes and sex hormones level in the blood serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C.Materials and methods. The content of hormones and lipid metabolism were determined in 33 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Among them 27 (81.8 %) were men and 6 (18.2 %) were women with an average of 39.27 ± 1.53 years old. The study of plasma lipid УДК: [616.98:578.891]-078:57.083.3'175.6 Липидный спектр и содержание половых гормонов у больных хроническим гепатитом С В. Н. Козько, Е. В. Юрко, Н. Е. Христенко Харьковский национальный медицинский университет, Украина Цель работы -изучение показателей липидного обмена и уровня половых гормонов в сыворотке крови больных хроническим гепатитом С. Материалы и методы. Для изучения показателей липидного обмена и уровня половых гормонов обследовали 33 больных хроническим гепатитом С, среди которых 27 (81,8 %) мужчин, 6 (18,2 %) женщин. Средний возраст пациентов -39,27 ± 1,53 года. Ферментативно-фотометрическим методом определены показатели липидного обмена крови (общий холестерин, триглицериды, липопротеиды высокой плотности, липопротеиды низкой плотности, липопротеиды очень низкой плотности). Изучение половых гормонов в сыворотке крови проводили методом двухволновой флуоресцентной детекции.