No abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of chromosomal aberrations-including chromatid type aberrations (CTAs), chromosomal type aberrations, micronucleus (MN) comet assay, and XRCC1 399 Arg/Gln polymorphism-in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). A total of 52 workers and an equal number of controls were recruited into the study to explore the potential cytogenetic risk of occupational exposure to VCM. Questionnaires were administered to obtain details of habitual cigarette-smoking, alcohol-consumption pattern, and occupation, etc. The exposed subjects and controls were classified into two groups based on age (group I <40 years; group II ≥40 years), and exposed subjects were further classified based on exposure duration (>8 and ≥8 years). CTA, MN, and comet assay frequency were significantly greater in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) factory workers (p < 0.05) with long-duration work. CTA, MN, and comet assay values were found to be increased with age in exposed subjects as well as in controls, with exposed subjects showing a statistically greater degree. An extensively greater MN frequency was observed in smokers exposed to VCM than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean tail length of exposed subjects was greater compared with controls. The study on XRCC1 399 Arg/gln polymorphism in PVC factory workers showed less significant difference in allele frequency compared with controls. In conclusion, this results of work provides evidence for an apparent genotoxic effect associated with VCM exposure. Our results reinforce the greater sensitivity of cytogenetic assays for biomonitoring of occupationally exposed populations. Statistics indicate that workers exposed to VCM are at carcinogenic risk and should be monitored for long-term adverse effects from their exposure.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) result from the incomplete combustion of natural or synthetic organic materials. The working environment at a coke plant can negatively affect the employed workers who were exposed to coke oven emissions containing PAHs, which formed and released into the environment by the process of pyrolysis of coke. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the exposure of PAHs and the risk of genetic damages such as chromosomal alteration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and DNA damage (PCR-RFLP) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 coke oven workers and equal number of control subjects. The exposed subjects and controls were divided into two groups based on their age (group I

One hundred twenty crossbred[(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] weanling pigs (8.36 ± 1.64 kg; 21 d) were used in a 42-day trial. Pigs were randomly distributed (6 replicate pens/treatment; 5 pigs/pen) to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) A1, CON + antibiotic (39 ppm tiamulin); 3) BG1, basal diet + 5 g kg −1 (β-glucan); and 4) BG2, basal diet + 10 g kg −1 (β-glucan). On overall, average daily gain of pigs fed with A1(385 g) and BG1(388 g) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to pigs fed with CON(342 g) and gain to feed ratio of pigs fed with A1(0.74), BG1(0.74) and BG2(0.71) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to pigs fed with CON(0.63). On d42, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter(DM) in pigs fed with BG1(83.35%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to pigs fed with CON(81.36%). Meanwhile, ATTD of nitrogen(N) in pigs fed with A1(81.84%) and BG1 (81.35%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to pigs fed with CON(78.54%) diet. Pigs fed with A1(8.21 log10cfu/g) and BG2(8.11 log10cfu/g) had significant higher (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus population as compared to pigs fed with CON(7.43 log10cfu/g). In conclusion, β-glucan shows a beneficial effect on growth, nutrient digestibility of DM and N, and beneficial microbial Lactobacillus of weanling pig.