This systematic review presents the current state of research investigating the implicit self-concept of personality. First, we present results on meta-analyses estimating internal consistency, reliability coefficients, the implicit-explicit consistency and the single association predictive effect of implicit self-concept of personality measures. To do this, studies were aggregated over personality domains. Second, for each of the Five Factor personality domains, different aspects of construct validity and predictive validity are reviewed in a narrative way. Results show that implicit self-concept of personality measures are reliable, and there is evidence for the construct and predictive validity of these implicit measures, especially in the extraversion and agreeableness domains of personality. However, it must be kept in mind that clear evidence for publication bias was found for studies examining the single association predictive pattern. Finally, this systematic review identifies some achievable improvements that are needed in future research. Large cross-lab efforts are important in this respect. Moreover, the implicit self-concept of personality field must move from an 'ad hoc' to a 'validation' approach in developing new indirect measurement tasks. By adopting these research objectives, the information processing account of personality will increase its potential to become integrated into mainstream personality theory and research. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology Key words: systematic review; meta-analysis; self-concept; personality; implicit measures Human beings consider it important to gain insight into their person(ality). Unfortunately, research has demonstrated that we can have blind spots with respect to the behavioural manifestations of our selves (e.g. Hofmann, Gschwendner, & Schmitt, 2009;Hofmann & Wilson, 2010;Wilson, 2002;Wilson & Dunn, 2004). According to psychoanalytic tradition, humans lack self-knowledge because they are motivated to keep unpleasant and anxious thoughts/feelings outside awareness. The more contemporary view on the failure of self-knowledge holds that much of the information that people capture with their senses is processed outside awareness, simply because the amount of information is too large to be consciously processed. Several mental functions operate outside conscious awareness, including aspects of learning, attention, interpretation, emotions and goal-setting (Hofmann & Wilson, 2010;Wilson, 2002). Wilson (Wilson, 2002;Wilson & Dunn, 2004) calls these non-conscious processes the 'adaptive unconscious', as they are vital for daily functioning. Several mental functions that are largely processed in the adaptive unconscious are part of-and are combined in-the construct of personality.In personality psychology research, direct self-report measures are the standard measurement tasks for assessing individual differences in personality. People are directly asked about characteristics of their personality, based on introspection. T...

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We examined whether affective variability can predict non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in eating disorders. Affect was represented by valence (positive versus negative) and activation (high versus low). Twenty-one patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting type, 18 patients with anorexia nervosa-binge-purging type and 20 patients with bulimia nervosa reported their momentary affect at nine random times a day during a one week period using a hand-held computer. Affective variability was calculated as the within-person standard deviation of valence and activation over time. Results indicate that patients displaying greater variability in activation and using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a higher probability to engage in lifetime NSSI after adjustment for depression and borderline personality disorder. Neither variability of valence nor mean level of valence and activation had any predictive association with engaging in NSSI. It is suggested that the treatment of NSSI should focus on affect stabilization rather than reducing negative affect.

recent studies have revealed that the prediction of behavior requires the assessment of both explicit and implicit evaluations, which can be measured using direct and indirect measurement procedures respectively. against this background, two studies were conducted to construct and implement an indirect measure of perfectionism. a Single Category implicit association test (SC-iat) was created to assess the extent to which participants automatically evaluated themselves as achievement striving, in comparison to others. in both studies, the achievement striving and evaluative concerns dimensions of perfectionism were measured using two multidimensional perfectionism questionnaires. across the two samples, we observed that evaluating one's self-worth on the basis of reaching high standards on an explicit level (as measured by the questionnaires) is significantly associated with evaluating oneself as less achievement striving than others on an automatic level (SC-iat). examining the predictive influence of the aiming at Perfection SC-iat on academic performance, the predictive validity of our indirect measure could be demonstrated. We conclude that the aiming at Perfection SC-iat is an indirect measure of an aspect of perfectionism that is linked to the known evaluative concerns dimension of perfectionism, with a good predictive validity with regard to academic achievement.