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Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. The aging population will require vigilant prevention, education, and treatment to maintain bone density and reduce the risk of fractures and falls. Nutritional requirements of elderly persons can have a profound effect on bone health. Calcium, vitamin D, and protein are vital nutrients for optimal bone health. Adequate calcium is essential for bone maintenance. Vitamin D research shows a link between reduced falls and fractures. Related macro- and micronutrients play an important role in bone mass integrity and quality. Adequate nutrition for older adults needs to be encouraged to promote and maintain bone health.

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Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome associated with decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. It is a poorly understood process that may impact life of an older adult. The related physical disability, falls in older adults, and comorbidity can severely impact the quality of their life. Nutrition is considered an important contributing factor in the complex etiology of sarcopenia. Resistance training has also been proposed as a viable intervention and can have remarkable beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system. Thus, nutrition, particularly adequate protein, and resistance training should be a critical component of programs targeted to older adults.