During diurnal IOP measurements in an upright position there were no statistically significant differences in IOP changes between groups. However, in a supine position IOP was significantly higher than in a sitting position and increased more in the glaucoma patients than in healthy controls. This observation might be due to a faulty regulation of the fluid shift in glaucoma patients and could cause progression of glaucomatous damage.

Entropion is an inward folding malposition of the eyelid margin. As a result of persistent entropion and trichiasis severe complications of the conjunctiva and the cornea can occur, which can lead to loss of visual acuity. Conservative forms of therapy mostly provide only a temporary solution and are generally used in preoperative care or if surgical intervention is unfeasible. The main therapeutic means is surgery. Normally congenital entropion recedes throughout the first 12 months of life, so that surgery is not needed immediately. Spastic inflammatory entropion disappears with successful treatment of the inflammation. Senile entropion is caused by three different pathological mechanisms: loss of lid laxity, loss of tension of lower lid retractors and alterations to the musculus orbicularis. These can be corrected with the procedures developed by Wies and also by Quickert and Jones. The surgeon should be careful to avoid an overcorrection with iatrogenic ectropion. Finally, cicatricial entropion can occur as a consequence of persistent inflammation or injuries. In this case free mucosa grafts may be necessary.

In cases of large lower lid defects (even with extension into the canthus) the Hughes flap combined with skin graft and other reconstructive procedures leads to a well tightened lid position, shows a high grade of patient satisfaction although the complete blepharorrhaphy is necessary for 6 weeks and complications occur. For one-eyed patients a one step surgical procedure should be preferred.

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