ObjectivesDietary intake is a key aspect of occupational health. To capture the characteristics of dietary behaviour that is affected by occupational environment that may affect disease risk, a collection of prospective multiday dietary records is required. The aims of this paper are to: (1) collect multiday dietary data in the Airwave Health Monitoring Study, (2) describe the dietary coding procedures applied and (3) investigate the plausibility of dietary reporting in this occupational cohort.DesignA dietary coding protocol for this large-scale study was developed to minimise coding error rate. Participants (n 4412) who completed 7-day food records were included for cross-sectional analyses. Energy intake (EI) misreporting was estimated using the Goldberg method. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to determine participant characteristics associated with EI misreporting.SettingBritish police force employees enrolled (2007–2012) into the Airwave Health Monitoring Study.ResultsThe mean code error rate per food diary was 3.7% (SD 3.2%). The strongest predictors of EI under-reporting were body mass index (BMI) and physical activity. Compared with participants with BMI<25 kg/m2, those with BMI>30 kg/m2 had increased odds of being classified as under-reporting EI (men OR 5.20 95% CI 3.92 to 6.89; women OR 2.66 95% CI 1.85 to 3.83). Men and women in the highest physical activity category compared with the lowest were also more likely to be classified as under-reporting (men OR 3.33 95% CI 2.46 to 4.50; women OR 4.34 95% CI 2.91 to 6.55).ConclusionsA reproducible dietary record coding procedure has been developed to minimise coding error in complex 7-day diet diaries. The prevalence of EI under-reporting is comparable with existing national UK cohorts and, in agreement with previous studies, classification of under-reporting was biased towards specific subgroups of participants.

CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. Diet is a key modifiable component in the development of CVD. No official UK diet quality index exists for use in UK nutritional epidemiological studies. The aims of this study are to: (i) develop a diet quality index based on components of UK dietary reference values (DRV) and (ii) determine the association between the index, the existing UK nutrient profile (NP) model and a comprehensive range of cardiometabolic risk markers among a British adult population. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (n 5848). Dietary intake was measured by 7-d food diary and metabolic risk using waist circumference, BMI, blood lipid profile, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and blood pressure measurements. Diet quality was assessed using the novel DRV index and NP model. Associations between diet and cardiometabolic risk were analysed via multivariate linear models and logistic regression. A two-point increase in NP score was associated with total cholesterol (β -0·33 mmol/l, P<0·0001) and HbA1c (β -0·01 %, P<0·0001). A two-point increase in DRV score was associated with waist circumference (β -0·56 cm, P<0·0001), BMI (β -0·15 kg/m2, P<0·0001), total cholesterol (β -0·06 mmol/l, P<0·0001) and HbA1c (β -0·02 %, P=0·002). A one-point increase in DRV score was associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OR 0·94, P=0·01) and obesity (OR 0·95, P<0·0001). The DRV index is associated with overall diet quality and risk factors for CVD and T2D, supporting its application in nutritional epidemiological studies investigating CVD risk in a UK population.

Fluoroscopic guidance increases the incidence of epidural catheter positioning within the epidural space and may reduce postanesthesia care unit and hospital lengths of stay. Future work should validate the effectiveness of this approach.This clinical trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02678039).

Introduction: COVID-19 brought with it the requirement for healthcare workers to limit community transmission of the virus as much as possible by limiting patient contact and wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This study aimed to capture the initial adaptations to sonographic examination protocols within ultrasound departments and sonographer access to PPE.Methods: An online survey was used to gather data on sonographer reflections of sonographic examination protocol changes seen in their departments and access to PPE between the 11th of March 2020 and the 14th of June 2020. Results:To reduce the time sonographers spent with the patients and hence reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19, sonographers reported adjustments to sonographic examination protocols including their duration and scheduling. Access to PPE was reported as poor. Conclusion:Numerous sonographic examination protocol changes were observed within ultrasound departments in Australasia in the initial response to COVID-19.Access to PPE was varied along with sonographer feelings around the impact of these changes.

Introduction A reliable way to measure the size of the adult liver is valuable for numerous reasons, including the diagnosis of disease and the tracking of disease or response to treatment or intervention over time. This study sought to determine the intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability of a recently developed equation to calculate liver volume using three simple two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound measurements: A dome to tip measurement in the midclavicular line (A), an anterior to posterior measurement in the midclavicular line (B) and an anterior to posterior measurement in the midline (C), placed into the equation 343.71 + [0.84 × A × B × C]. While the three measures have been shown to be reliable, it is also important to determine the reliability of the equation as there is potential for error to be magnified by the multiplication process. Methods Two examiners acquired two ultrasound images of the liver of each participant, performed the three measurements and calculated the liver volume using the equation. One examiner repeated the images and measurements. Results All measurements demonstrated high intra‐rater reliability [intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICCs) 0.851–0.972] with the volume equation having an ICC of 0.954 and limits of agreement of 178.7 cm3. All measurements also demonstrated high inter‐rater reliability (ICCs 0.761–0.954) with the volume equation having an ICC value of 0.918 and limits of agreement of 246.4 cm3. Conclusion The liver volume equation can be reliably performed by both the same rater and different raters.