The medical records of 39 dogs with acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen were identified and reviewed. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were identified in 36/37 (97%) and 25/33 (76%) dogs, respectively. Coagulopathies were identified in 26/31 (84%) dogs. When a definitive diagnosis was obtained, malignant neoplasia was diagnosed most frequently and occurred in 24/30 (80%) dogs. Hemangiosarcoma accounted for 21/30 (70%) diagnoses. Sixteen dogs underwent exploratory laparotomy, of which seven (44%) survived the perioperative period. Of the dogs that did not undergo surgery, 9/23 (39%) survived to be discharged from the hospital.

The purposes of this study were to determine splenic volumes using three‐dimensional ultrasonography and to compare these measurements with two‐dimensional splenic indices. Fifty‐two healthy volunteers were studied. Two‐dimensional volume measurements were based on length, width, and thickness, and the splenic index was calculated using the standard prolated ellipsoid formula (length x width x thickness x 0.523). Three‐dimensional volume planar measurements were obtained with a slice by slice technique by manually drawing a region of interest around the spleen from one end of the sweep to the opposite end. These measurements were recorded three times by two observers. In addition, in vitro determination of splenic volume was performed using three cadaveric human spleens in a water bath. No statistically significant interobserver or intraobserver variability was present for either two‐dimensional or three dimensional ultrasonography. Three‐dimensional sonographic estimations of planar splenic volumes and ellipsoid splenic volumes were consistently smaller than two‐dimensional sonographic estimations of splenic volumes. Three‐dimensional sonographic splenic volumes calculated in vitro using the planar method were accurate to within 2% of in vitro water displacement volumes. Three‐dimensional ultrasonography is potentially superior to two‐dimensional sonography for evaluation of irregularly shaped objects, such as the spleen, and can provide improved accuracy over that of traditional two‐dimensional techniques.

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IAGLs were more likely in dogs ≥ 9 years of age. On the basis of this small data set, malignancy should be suspected for IAGLs ≥ 20 mm in maximum dimension.

RESUMO A ausência completa do bulbo ocular é muito rara em cães e gatos, enquanto a hidrocefalia é comumente observada como distúrbio congênito em cães de raças miniatura ou braquicefálicas, com menos de um ano de idade. O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de anoftalmia clínica bilateral associada à hidrocefalia congênita em um cão da raça poodle, sendo este o primeiro relato de caso da associação dessas alterações no Brasil. ABSTRACT The complete absence of the eyeball is rare in dogs and cats, and hydrocephalus is commonly seen as a congenital disorder in toy or brachycephalic dogs before one year old. This paper describes for the first time in Brazil the occurrence of bilateral clinical anophthalmia associated to congenital hydrocephalus in a dog.