A content analysis of music videos for the 2008 top-rated songs in four musical genres was conducted in order to gauge change in the presence of religious and sexual symbols since the mid-1990s and to determine if sexual and religious images were prevalent in the increasingly popular hip hop genre. Religious images appeared in about one-third of videos across genres, and sexual images appeared in more than half the videos and in all of the hip hop videos. Hip hop and country videos had the highest co-occurrences of religious and sexual imagery, although there was co-occurrence in each genre. The significance and possible interpretations of the symbols and their co-occurrence are discussed.

Using survey and focus group methodology, this study examined what highly religious people think about mobile technology as an enhancement to the individual and corporate spiritual life. Results indicated that even church members over 60 years old embraced newer technologies both within their place of worship as well as at home. Sunday school and Bible study teachers were more comfortable and enthusiastic about the uses of mobile technology for spiritual growth than nonteachers. Participants in the focus group not only understood the benefit of mobile technology but also acknowledged the distraction that often occurred. Regardless of their enthusiasm toward mobile technology, respondents also were adamant that the scripture had special meaning whether viewed electronically or within the well-worn pages of the family Bible.

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