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Infancy and adolescence are crucial periods for bone health, since they are characterized by intense physical growth and bone development. The unsatisfactory acquisition of bone mass in this phase has consequences in adult life and increases the risk of developing bone diseases at more advanced ages. Nutrient deficiencies, especially calcium and vitamin D, associated with a sedentary lifestyle; lack of sun exposure; and epigenetic aspects represent some of the main risk factors for poor bone quality. In addition, recent studies relate childhood obesity to impaired bone health; however, studies on the adiposity effects on bone health are scarce and inconclusive. Another gap concerns the implications of obesity on child sexual maturity, which can jeopardize their genetic potential bone mass and increase fracture risk. Therefore, we reviewed the analyzed factors related to bone health and their association with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. We concluded that obesity (specifically, accumulated visceral fat) harms bones in the infant–juvenile phase, thereby increasing osteopenia/osteoporosis in adults and the elderly. Thus, it becomes evident that forming and maintaining healthy eating habits is necessary during infancy and adolescence to reduce the risk of fractures caused by bone-metabolic diseases in adulthood and to promote healthy ageing.

Objective: To analyze the distribution of risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis among adults and elderly in primary care. Method: sectional study of quantitative approach. Random sample extracted from registered adults and elderly from the five Family Health Strategy units belonging to an Expanded Family Health and Primary Care Center in Dourados, MS. Data collected between March and December 2015. The sample consisted of 44 adults and 103 elderly, of which only 109 performed all examinations. Body mass index, bone densitometry, serum calcium, 25 serum hydroxyvitamin D and a structured questionnaire were used. Results: The factors that were significantly associated with the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis (p <0,05) were female gender, alcohol consumption and normal body mass index. Conclusion: the identification of these risk factors made it possible to trace their distribution profile, which will be of great value for carrying out health promotion actions and prevention of these diseases in Primary Health Care.

This work aimed to approach Sickle Cell Anemia from the standpoint of medical anthropology, from the perspective of health, disease and culture, not only addressing the disease as a biological event, but also other socio-cultural aspects of the individual. This is a descriptive, theoretical-reflexive analysis-type study. Seeking to know the disease, its treatment and complications within the socio-cultural context are important to contribute to possible changes in the perspective with the individual regarding this morbidity. Having the field of public health in development, an approach beyond the technical molds for the treatment of diseases, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to meet the needs of the population, to provide patient-centered care for their social, psychological and cultural context.