PurposeResearch has shown that there are important aspects of diet and lifestyle that need to be evaluated when considering the onset of symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux, with specific reference to heartburn. This paper aims to review the evidence from these studies.Design/methodology/approachA literature review of studies on diet, lifestyle and gastro‐oesophageal reflux was undertaken.FindingsThe literature shows that there are a number of diet and lifestyle factors, which may trigger the onset of symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the diet and lifestyle factors, which have been considered to trigger gastro‐oesophageal reflux, need to be assessed further to establish their individual and combined influence in the onset of gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms and the progression to more serious oesophageal disorders.

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Purpose -The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of appetite-related, emotional and physical symptoms in a group of menstruating females. Design/methodology/approach -A total of 20 Caucasian females, aged 17-24 years, completed a specifically designed menstruation symptoms diary for one cycle length. Findings -The findings of the study indicate that changes in appetite and physical and emotional symptoms accord with hormonal changes in the premenstrual and bleed phases of the cycle.Research limitations/implications -The implication of using a daily diary to identify symptoms demonstrates a record of the individuals' perceptions of their symptoms and is therefore only subjective. The prevalence of appetite-related symptoms was reported in the diaries but the quantity of food and drink consumed, and therefore energy intake could not be established for any of the endocrine phases. Originality/value -Conducted on a very small scale this study can be considered as being a pilot for a more rigorous investigation into the understanding of diet in the identification and management of premenstrual syndrome.

Although symptom onset varies between individuals, consideration should be given to trigger factors in the management of heartburn symptoms.

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