Family decline theory suggests that families as an institution are changing in such a way that they are in a state of decline. It is argued that the overall functions of the family, to have children and to nurture those children into functioning adults, are being threatened by changes in values and norms in society. The decline of the traditional nuclear family has brought about changes in many spheres of life throughout history. Proponents of family decline say that the decline in marriage rates, rise in divorce rates, changes in marital roles, and changing family structure are hindering the function of the family as an institution. However, many scholars also believe that the family is undergoing a state of change or transformation leading to new family values and structures that reflect the changes in societal norms and values.

Child neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment; it is unique as neglect is an act of omission rather than an act of commission. Scholars have developed several categories of neglect including physical, medical, educational, and emotional. Parents who neglect their children have distinct characteristics that are risk factors contributing to their lack of care or endangerment of their children. Children of neglect present with a variety of negative effects including attachment issues and school difficulties and are at risk of continuing the cycle of the neglectful family pattern.

Single adults make up a substantial part of the population, with half of Americans currently identifying as single. There are three categories of singles, those who never marry, who are single through divorce, and who are single through widowhood. Many singles in the United States face stigma and pressure to become married and follow the ideal life course. Remaining single also plays a significant role in identity for many single individuals. There are some advantages to being single such as skill development and self‐reliance and also some disadvantages such as decreased sexual satisfaction, and for never married singles there is less integration into the community.