Many students struggle to understand the sometimes counterintuitive and complicated organization of the retina. As soon as they begin to grasp these complex relationships, we add another confusing concept: the organization of receptive fields of individual ganglion cells. Publishers provide figures in textbooks and videos, but like many topics in physiology, students may learn more effectively using hands-on models. This article provides instructions for building a three-dimensional model of a single retinal receptive field using inexpensive craft supplies. In alignment with the principles of universal design, this model will make the material easier to comprehend and more accessible to learners of all abilities. This activity provides a framework for students to begin exploring the structures and functions of cells of the retina and the organization of receptive fields in the visual system and provides a foundation for explaining other types of sensory systems.
The pandemic of 2020 forced many instructors to reevaluate their teaching and assessment practices. Assignments and assessments designed for face-to-face classes were quickly adapted to go online. Faculty-to-student relationships built through classroom interactions were transformed by the mediation of online platforms. At the time, the co-authors of this article were teaching different psychology courses at different institutions. However, we had similar concerns about the validity of our assessments in an unmonitored online environment and about maintaining personal connections with our students. We used the summer of 2020 to reimagine how our courses could be adapted to this new environment while satisfying specific learning goals, including demonstrating the ability to apply content knowledge and communicating scientific information through writing. To meet these challenges, we implemented a variation on authentic assessments. We replaced our exams with an assignment where students created artifacts of various forms to demonstrate what they had learned and how it connected to their future careers, personal interests, or real-world problems. They also had to include a written description for a non-expert audience to demonstrate their ability to explain their artifacts. This manuscript presents our rationale, requirements, assignments, grading rubrics, student feedback, and reflections on our experiences.
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