Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus remains a common cause of ventilatorassociated pneumonia, with little change in infection rates over the past 15 years. This phase 2 study evaluated suvratoxumab, an anti-alpha-toxin monoclonal antibody, in reducing incidence of S. aureus pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) subjects on mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods:We did a multicenter, single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind, phase 2 pilot trial in 9 countries. Eligible subjects were patients in an ICU ≥18 years of age, currently intubated and on MV, positive for S. aureus lower respiratory tract (LRT) colonization as assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of endotracheal aspirate, and with no diagnosis of new-onset pneumonia. Subjects were excluded if they had confirmed or suspected acute ongoing staphylococcal disease; had received anti-S. aureus antibiotics for >48 hours; had a CPIS ≥6, APACHE-II score ≥25, a SOFA score ≥9; or had active pulmonary disease that would impair the ability to diagnose pneumonia. Subjects were screened for S. aureus lower respiratory tract (LRT) colonization using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Colonized subjects were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to a single intravenous infusion of suvratoxumab 2000 mg, 5000 mg or placebo. Randomization was stratified by country and by whether subjects received anti-S. aureus systemic antibiotic therapy. Based on pre-defined PK criteria, the 2000 mg arm was discontinued upon the recommendation of the data monitoring committee at an interim analysis. Primary efficacy endpoint was incidence of S. aureus pneumonia, adjudicated by a blinded independent panel, through 30 days post dose in the modified intent-to-treat study population. Primary safety endpoints were Francois et al. Suvratoxumab Ph2 (NCT02296320) D3 5 treatment-emergent AEs assessed through 30 and 90 days, treatment-emergent SAEs, adverse events of special interest, and new onset chronic disease, all assessed through 190 days. Findings: PCR screening of 737 ICU subjects identified 213 with S. aureus colonization; of these, 96 were randomized to receive suvratoxumab 5000 mg and 100 to placebo. At 30 days, 17/96 (17•7%) suvratoxumab and 26/100 (26•0%) placebo subjects had developed S. aureus pneumonia (relative risk reduction, 31.9%; 90% confidence interval [CI], −7•5 to 56•8; P = 0•166). At 30 days, incidences of treatmentemergent adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were similar in suvratoxumab and placebo groups (90•6% [87/96] vs. 90•0% [90/100] and 37•5% [36/96] vs 32•0% [32/100], respectively). At 90 and 190 days, incidence of treatment-emergent AEs was still similar in suvratoxumab and placebo groups (92.

These data show that there is not one typical CNS complication, but a wide variety. There is no close connection between either underlying disease or symptoms and cause of the complication. Prognosis is variable. About two thirds of the long-term survivors could lead a normal life.

Researchers consider motivation a key determinant of physical activity. In physical education (PE) and youth sport, the more children and adolescents evaluate their teachers and coaches to be autonomy supportive, as opposed to controlling, the more self-determined they are in their motivation. Therefore, it appears valuable to help PE teachers and youth sport coaches optimize their interactions with the individuals they work with. This study was designed to systematically review the literature related to autonomy support interventions with PE teachers and youth sport coaches. After relevant databases were searched and duplicates were removed, 1,523 potentially pertinent articles were found. These were subsequently screened based on specific inclusion criteria. This systematic review process helped identify 21 studies that were included for further analyses. Overall, the interventions were frequently successful in enhancing PE teachers’ and youth sport coaches’ behavior. Additional research appears justified to foster self-determined motivation among children and adolescence.

Numerous findings are known to exist between dietary habits, physical activity, and child and adolescent health. Here, we will use data from the most recent Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study to describe dietary habits and patterns of physical activity. Using the survey data for 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students from across Germany, we report findings for key indicators of diet and physical activity for the 2017/18 cycle. By comparing these findings with data from the 2009/10 and 2013/14 survey cycles, we also consider current trends. Results from the most recent cycle show that 10.0% of girls and 16.9% of boys meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) physical activity recommendations. Across all HBSC cycles, this is the lowest figure so far. Concerning dietary habits, 50.6% of girls and 59.0% of boys reported having breakfast every morning. Data for daily fruit, vegetable and soft drink consumption emphasises the need to promote a healthy diet among adolescents. For all indicators of physical activity and diet, differences between girls and boys are apparent. Girls’ intake of fruit and vegetables is higher and they consume fewer soft drinks, yet boys are more physically active and have breakfast more regularly. For the majority of indicators of dietary habits and physical activity, considerable inequalities relating to family affluence are observed. An important implication of the study results for dietary habits and physical activity of older children and adolescents is the need to foster settings-based approaches to promote physical activity and a healthy diet that integrate a gender-sensitive perspective.