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RESUMO ABSTRACTA busca pela redução dos custos de produção leva as empresas florestais à procura de terras economicamente mais acessíveis para implantar suas atividades, como as áreas com declividade acentuada. Os efeitos potenciais da declividade no dimensionamento e no agravamento de riscos na colheita florestal motivaram este estudo, classificando-os para as ações e ocupações envolvidas no corte e na extração florestal. A classificação considerou as diretrizes das Normas Regulamentadoras número 9, 15, 17 e 31. Os ruídos e as temperaturas foram mensurados quantitativamente, enquanto a análise postural foi feita com auxílio do software Ergolândia 5.0, para dois métodos diferentes. Os riscos de acidentes foram determinados por bibliografia especializada com validação em campo. A ocupação motosserrista foi a que ofereceu mais riscos inerentes e maior gravidade. Para os movimentos parciais, os que apresentaram maiores riscos foram: corte da árvore, derrubada e desgalhamento. Conclui-se que a gestão eficiente de riscos é essencial para a sustentabilidade econômico-social das empresas florestais, reiterada pelos agravantes do trabalho em relevo acidentado.Searching for a reduction in production costs has led forest companies to look for economic cheap land to implement their activities, as areas with slope declivity. The potential effects of declivity on the scale and severity of risks in forest harvesting motivated this study, classifying them for the actions and occupations involved in forest cutting and extraction. The classification considered the guidelines of Brazilian regulatory norms numbers 9, 15, 17, and 31. Quantitative noises and temperatures were measured, while postural factors were analyzed through Ergolândia 5.0 software, for two different methods. The accident risks were determined based on specialized bibliography and verified in the field. The chainsaw operator was the one that offered more inherent risks and greatest severity. For the partial movements, those that presented greatest risks were tree cutting, felling, and demolishing. We conclude that efficient risk management is essential for the economic-social sustainability of the forestry companies, reinforced by the aggravating of work in rugged relief. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cabos aéreos, Declividade, Segurança do trabalho.

The Amazon rainforest covers an area of about 50% of the Brazilian national territory, which consists mainly of upland rainforests that are generally poorly managed, because of low investment in technology, planning, operations and manufacturing. Logging activities require a large contingent of heavy machinery and an intense physical workload from the operators and crews. The thermal comfort at work in tropical regions is between 20 and 24°C; however, in the Central Amazon the daily average temperature exceeds 28°C. The sum of these adverse factors leads to a common denominator: low quality logging operations that lead to unsustainable forest management. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of environmental thermal conditions on performance, rest breaks, work dynamics and safety of workers involved in the logging operations, as well as to understand better their interactions. The data was collected from the following logging activities: felling, pre-skidding, skidding and landing operations. These variables were analyzed using PCA analysis, MANOVA and multiple linear regression. The variables of productivity and rest breaks were strongly influenced by mechanical interruption and time of the workday. We concluded that mechanical availability was the most influential factor in the performance of logging operations. In addition, environmental thermal conditions, bonus payments and work dynamics showed an influence. To a less extent, there was an influence of safety and physical comfort of workers, which resulted in higher rest breaks, depending on the operation involved. This influence was observed in operations with a higher physical workload (felling and pre-skidding). Moreover, the tree volume had a significant impact on the productivity of the chainsaw operator, which was also influenced by the species factor, as in the species Hymenolobium modestum. Lastly, improvements in working conditions such as appropriate clothing, job rotation and scheduled breaks would lead to a greater worker well-being with increased labor productivity and safety. In turn, this would greatly contribute to the quality and performance of overall forest management and sustainability in the economic development of the Amazon region.

RESUMOO trabalho em exploração florestal exige grande contingente e carga física sob condições ambientais desfavoráveis. Portanto, um bom condicionamento e hábitos saudáveis são essenciais para o desempenho. O estudo pretendeu a coleta de frequência cardíaca para estimar a carga física do trabalho em exploração florestal. A pesquisa foi conduzida no município de Itapiranga, Amazonas, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as operações de pré-arraste, arraste e pátio, exceto o corte. Foi coletada frequência cardíaca da ocupação mais desgastante em cada operação, e estimadas as cargas físicas por dois métodos: anexo C da ISO 8996 e o método CCV. A variável peso demonstrou forte correlação positiva com a frequência cardíaca. A carga física variou em até 167 kcal/h para a mesma ocupação. A ocupação puxador de cabo (pré-arraste) foi a mais desgastante, sendo considerada pesada e estimou-se pausas de até 15 min./h. A frequência cardíaca demonstrou ser indicadora do condicionamento físico, um aspecto importante, pois interfere no desempenho do trabalhador. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Amazônia, Gasto metabólico, Manejo florestal. ABSTRACTThe work in forest logging requires large contingent and physical load under unfavorable environmental thermal conditions. Therefore, physical shape and healthy habits are essential for performance. The study aimed at the collection of heart rate to estimate the physical workload in logging. The study was conducted in the municipality of Itapiranga, Amazonas, Brazil. The operations were divided on: cutting, pre-drag, drag and patio; with the exception of cutting all were evaluated. Heart rate was collected from the most exhausting occupation in each operation, and with this, the physical loads were estimated by two methods: Annex C of ISO 8996 and the CCV method. The weight variable showed a positive correlation with the heart rate. The physical load varied up to 167 kcal/h in the same occupation. The cable pull occupation (pre-drag) was the most exhausting and considered heavy, and pauses of up to 15 min/h were calculated. Heart rate estimation resulted in a physical conditioning indicator that interferes with work performance. KEY-WORDS: Amazon, Forest management, Metabolic rate.

O trabalho em exploração de madeira é considerado um dos mais desgastantes e perigosos, sendo agravado quando em florestas com denso sub-bosque e em condições térmicas ambientais desfavoráveis. O anexo 3 da Norma Regulamentadora nº 15 regulamenta os limites de tolerância e o regime de pausas na exposição ao calor laboral. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o regime de pausas da norma com o regime natural na exploração florestal. Foram coletadas as temperaturas em Índice de Bulbo Úmido Termômetro de Globo (IBUTG) e pausas naturais (%/hora). As temperaturas IBUTG mostraram razoável ajuste binomial, ao passo que as pausas naturais demonstraram dinâmicas diferentes ao longo da jornada e forte influência da interrupção mecânica. As pausas naturais foram estatisticamente diferentes do regime da norma, correspondendo em média a 31% no corte, 27% pré-arraste, 12% arraste, 49% pátio principal e 66% no pátio intermediário. As adequações normativas e as práticas acarretam no aumento de bem-estar dos trabalhadores, com consequentes melhorias na qualidade das operações.