The term hemorrhoids in generally used to describe "symptomatic hemorrhoids". A Medline review of the literature on anatomy, physiology and post-hemorrhoidectomy changes was performed and summarized in this review.

Many systemic diseases exhibit oral involvement. These intra- and extra-oral signs can have diagnostic weighting. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is just one of a number of conditions that can present in the mouth. AML is a haematological malignancy, seen generally in the older population. Cervical lymphadenopathy and gingival enlargement, attributed to AML are the two most common signs that may present in a dental setting. The case report also demonstrates that the treatment of systemic diseases can resolve the oral complications of the particular disease. In this case report, the treatment of the AML resulted in a resolution of the gingival hyperplasia.

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