An orbital prosthesis is a good alternative to surgical reconstruction for cosmetic and psychological rehabilitation of the patient. It should be aesthetic, durable, light weight, economical, and most importantly retentive. A clinical report explaining the prosthetic rehabilitation of post surgical case of orbital trauma that was followed by orbital exenteration has been described. The aim of the orbital prosthesis was to reinstate the esthetics and boost the psychological and mental state of the patient. The techniques employed along with incorporation of the patient’s own hair in eyelashes greatly improved the esthetics.

Articulators are instruments that aimed to reproduce the range of jaw movements. The first instrument designs were attempts to duplicate anatomic relations or reproduce functional movements of the anatomy. They were able to preserve centric position only. More sophisticated articulating instruments evolved as more was learned about the anatomy, mandibular movements, and mechanical principles. Over time, interest for articulators progressed. Articulators became adjustable, and they attempted to reproduce jaw movements of each patient by reproducing the anatomy of temporomandibular joints (TMJ's) and related structures. Part I of the article has discussed evolution of articulators beginning from the 18 th century till 1940. A history of articulators from 1940 till today is discussed in the present article.

Digital techniques in dentistry offer a fully digital computerized workflow that does not include the standard multiple traditional phases. Digital imprint and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems offer a wide range of benefits compared to traditional techniques. The introduction of intraoral scanners has radically changed the way in which the dentists approach the restorative workflow. The constant evolution of the hardware and software in relation to this has made a digital end-to-end restorative solutions a reality. Precision, accuracy, and hassle-free procedures have made these systems user-friendly and patient-friendly. There are many advantages in using this advanced technology.

Computer Aided Design – Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has already made significant strides in the field of dentistry. Several highly sophisticated in-office and laboratory CAD/CAM systems have been introduced or are under development. As a result of continual developments in computer hardware and software, new methods of production and new treatment concepts are to be expected, which will enable an additional reduction in costs. The advent of CAD/CAM has enabled the dentists and laboratories to harness the power of computers to design and fabricate esthetic and durable restorations.

Background: Although, there are numerous treatment options, periimplantitis remains a problem in implantology that has yet to be adequately handled. Microleakage, which promotes peri-implantitis by reinfecting the implant interior areas with microbes, is one element to consider. Purpose: To evaluate the adequacy of antimicrobial sealing gel (Gapseal) and O-ring in preventing the bacterial infiltration of staphylococcus aureus into the internal surface of the implant-abutment interface. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty samples were divided into three groups (n=40) based on different sealing materials: group I (unsealed); group II (Gapseal); group III (O-ring).To ensure sterility, one implant from each group was incubated at random. The remaining implant and abutment assemblies were attached and incubated in a nutrient solution containing staphylococcus aureus for the next 24 hours. After incubation, samples were decontaminated by immersing them in a 2 percent sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes followed by normal saline for 5 minutes. The assemblies were disassembled and placed in the test tubes containing sterile nutrient solution; the test tubes were agitated to ensure that nutrient solution appropriately contact the inner surfaces of implant abutment assemblies. This bacterial suspension was injected onto Nutrient agar plates and incubated for 24 hours. The resultant colonies that appear on the agar plate were counted with naked eyes. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test. On average, the number of bacterial colonies was the minimum (= 4.4) in Group-II, followed by that (= 19.1) in Group-III and the maximum (= 29.2) in Group-I. Conclusion: The application of Gapseal at the implant-abutment interface reduces microbial leakage and possibly increases the survival rate of implant-assisted restorations.