Background: Although, there are numerous treatment options, periimplantitis remains a problem in implantology that has yet to be adequately handled. Microleakage, which promotes peri-implantitis by reinfecting the implant interior areas with microbes, is one element to consider. Purpose: To evaluate the adequacy of antimicrobial sealing gel (Gapseal) and O-ring in preventing the bacterial infiltration of staphylococcus aureus into the internal surface of the implant-abutment interface. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty samples were divided into three groups (n=40) based on different sealing materials: group I (unsealed); group II (Gapseal); group III (O-ring).To ensure sterility, one implant from each group was incubated at random. The remaining implant and abutment assemblies were attached and incubated in a nutrient solution containing staphylococcus aureus for the next 24 hours. After incubation, samples were decontaminated by immersing them in a 2 percent sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes followed by normal saline for 5 minutes. The assemblies were disassembled and placed in the test tubes containing sterile nutrient solution; the test tubes were agitated to ensure that nutrient solution appropriately contact the inner surfaces of implant abutment assemblies. This bacterial suspension was injected onto Nutrient agar plates and incubated for 24 hours. The resultant colonies that appear on the agar plate were counted with naked eyes. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test. On average, the number of bacterial colonies was the minimum (= 4.4) in Group-II, followed by that (= 19.1) in Group-III and the maximum (= 29.2) in Group-I. Conclusion: The application of Gapseal at the implant-abutment interface reduces microbial leakage and possibly increases the survival rate of implant-assisted restorations.

Introduction: Periodontal disease’s initiation and propagation is through a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota. But recently, through the extraordinary progress, the inter-relationship that exists between periodontal disease and systemic health has been unveiled. Through various studies. it has been revealed that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a greater risk of developing chronic periodontitis and vitamin D supplementation may help to preserve periodontal health. Aim: To find a co-relation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D status and the severity of periodontal diseases. To evaluate and compare the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy alone and in combination with vitamin D supplementation in reducing the severity of periodontal diseases. objective: o find a co-relation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D status and the severity of periodontal diseases. • To evaluate and compare the effect of non surgical periodontal therapy alone and in combination with vitamin D supplementation in reducing severity of periodontal diseases. Materials And Method: The present study was conducted on 90 non-menopausal female subjects divided into 3 groups. Group I comprised of healthy controls. Group II comprised of patients with moderate chronic periodontitis who were assigned to receive only Scaling and root planing (SRP). While group III included patients with moderate chronic periodontitis who were assigned to receive SRP along with Vitamin D supplementation. The periodontal parameters and serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were recorded for all the participants at baseline. Group II and group III participants were reassessed at an interval of 3 months post-treatment. Results: The results indicated that vitamin D deficiency affected periodontal health negatively. Statistically highly significant improvement was observed in Group III as compared to group II, signifying the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation adjunctive to SRP. result: The results indicated that vitamin D deficiency affected periodontal health negatively. Statistically highly significant improvement was observed in Group III as compared to group II, signifying the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation adjunctive to SRP. Conclusion: Regular evaluation of Vitamin D levels and supplementation to treat the deficiency may have potential periodontal health benefits. conclusion: Regular evaluation of Vitamin D levels and supplementation to treat the deficiency may have potential periodontal health benefits. other: nil

Elastic liposomse (ELs) are the flexible liposomes formulated using phospholipids as well as edge activators. Edge activators provide elasticity to the Els. Els provide advantages over other formulations and have the ability to be delivered by different routes such as topical, transdermal, nasal, ocular, etc. Potential of encapsulating not only lipophillic but also hydrophillic drugs in a single vesicle, ability to pass through channels 1/10th of their diameter, increase in drug permeation, enhanced solubility of drug, patient compliance, prevention of degradation of drug makes them efficient carriers of drugs and leads to increased interest of researchers in them. This review provides understanding of composition of Els, advantages, method of preparation and the adaptable role played by ELs in the administration of numerous drugs for different diseases.