MiRs up-regulated in PTC tumors directly inhibit the expression of THRB, an important tumor suppressor gene.

Pathological endometrium morphology is very common in uraemic women of reproductive age undergoing haemodialysis, with proliferative changes in one-third and atrophia in almost a quarter of them. The results of the study suggest a preserved normal reactivity of endometrium on circulating oestrogens.

BackgroundBacterial and viral respiratory tract infections may trigger relapses in patients with PR3-positive vasculitis. Data have suggested that treatment with co-trimoxazole may be beneficial, because this antibiotic could act by eliminating the offending microbe and thereby stopping the initiating stimulus.Goal and methodsProspective, randomized, placebocontrolled study of the efficacy of co-trimoxazole given 960 mg thrice weekly for 18 months in preventing relapses in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) in remission, after treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone was conducted. Relapses and infections were assessed with predefined criteria based on clinical, laboratory, serological, microbiological, and histopathological findings. Sixteen patients were assigned to receive co-trimoxazole and 15 to receive placebo.ResultsSeventy five percent of the patients in the co-trimoxazole group remained in remission at 18 months and 55% of those in the placebo group. A proportional hazard regression analysis identified a positive PR3-ANCA test at the start of treatment, chronic nasal crusting, and Staphylococus aureus infection as risk factors for relapse. Furthermore, the analysis identified treatment with co-trimoxazole as an independent factor associated with prolonged diseasefree interval.ConclusionTreatment with co-trimoxazole reduces the incidence of relapses in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis in remission.

Pulmonary vasculitis is a potentially lethal autoimmune disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation of respiratory tract, necrotizing vasculitis affecting small-to medium-size vessels and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies elevation. Typical therapy involves high-dose glucocorticosteroids combined with cyclophosphamide in a dose 1-2 mg/kg/per day. A high relapse rate in pulmonary vasculitis means prolonged courses of cyclophosphamide in some patients. Carcinogenic effects of cyclophosphamide, especially its toxic metabolite acrolein that is excreted into the urine, are responsible for the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and bladder cancer. These and other malignancies are cyclophosphamide dose-depended. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of cancer in patients with pulmonary vasculitis in comparison with the incidence of cancer in the general population. Analyses were done according to the cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide, subdivided into low (≤35 g) and high (>35 g). During the observation period 15 cancers occurred. A significantly increased standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was observed for non-melanoma skin cancers (SIR 5.2; 95 % Cl 2.3-8.7), AML (SIR 4.3; 95 % Cl 2.1-11.2), and bladder cancer (SIR 3.4; 95 % Cl 1.6-5.2). Induction remission treatment and relapse treatment with cyclophosphamide involves a substantial risk of late appearing malignances in patients with pulmonary vasculitis. Monitoring and prophylactic management in pulmonary vasculitis after cessation of cyclophosphamide therapy is crucial.

Children are an important vector for spreading influenza and they are at increased risk for complications. The appropriate diagnosis of influenza may help start early antiviral treatment and may optimize the use of antibiotics and additional laboratory tests. The objective of this study was to describe the influence of rapid influenza detection test (RIDT) on clinical management of children with acute febrile respiratory tract infections. The method consisted of a prospective, open, cohort study conducted in three primary care clinics in Warsaw, Poland, during the epidemic influenza seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. A total number of 256 children of the age 0-5 years with symptoms of febrile respiratory tract infection were enrolled into the study. A 115 of them were tested with RIDT (BD Directigen EZ FluA + B) and another 141 children, who were not tested, constituted a control group. We found that RIDT gave positive results in 35 (30%) out of the 115 tested children. Antibiotics, additional blood tests and urinalysis were administered more often in the control group compared with the rapid test group (16% vs. 7%; 14% vs. 5%, and 47% vs. 32%, respectively). Chest radiograms were made only in six cases of children from the control group. We conclude that in children with symptoms of acute febrile respiratory tract infection, the rapid influenza detection test provides a rational use of antivirals, reduces an inappropriate use of antibiotics, and decreases a number of additional tests conducted.