Pathological endometrium morphology is very common in uraemic women of reproductive age undergoing haemodialysis, with proliferative changes in one-third and atrophia in almost a quarter of them. The results of the study suggest a preserved normal reactivity of endometrium on circulating oestrogens.

Transdermal HRT allows sustained physiological serum oestradiol concentrations in pre-menopausal women with oestrogen deficiency on haemodialysis, with the restoration of regular menses and a marked improvement in their sexual function. The treatment inhibits bone demineralization and can play an important role in the prevention of early osteoporosis in this group of patients.

Abnormal endometrial changes are often noted in uremic women of reproductive age undergoing hemodialysis. Endometrial biopsy should be carried out as a safe and convenient procedure for the detection of pathological changes in uremic women.