Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the risk of silent aspiration is increased in non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. Methods: We analysed the coordination between respiration and swallowing, in 12 young volunteers and 10 elder volunteers, by simultaneously monitoring respiratory flow, laryngeal movement and swallowing sound in three different conditions: control, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP). A step-wise multiple regression analysis was performed with the occurrence rate of inspiration after swallows as the dependent variable and various correlated variables as the independent variables. Results: In both subject groups, the occurrence rate of inspiration after swallow was greater with BiPAP compared with control and CPAP conditions. Repetitive saliva swallowing test count and swallow non-inspiratory flow occurrence rate were extracted as predictor variables for risk of inspiration after swallows during BiPAP treatment. Conclusion: We found that the occurrence rate of inspiration after swallow is increased with BiPAP use irrespective of age. The results suggest that swallow non-inspiratory flow may trigger inspiratory support in the BiPAP mode, resulting in a risk of aspiration.
The increasing use of highly sensitive electronic devices is starting to draw the attention of consumers to the issue of voltage sags. This article presents the current status of voltage sag mitigation devices.
The AC filters of an HVDC converter station usually require a large installation space and are sensitive to seismic activity due to using an air-insulation platform. A s a solution to these problems ,we have developed compact filters in which all energized parts are enclosed. A s a result,the installation space is one-third of the platform type and seismic performance considerably improves. After the field tests were conducted ,these filters were put in service in May ,1992.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.