We investigated the origin of perpendicular magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) in L1(0)-ordered FeNi alloy using first-principles density-functional calculations. We found that the perpendicular MCA of L1(0)-FeNi arises predominantly from the constituent Fe atoms, which is consistent with recent measurements of the anisotropy of the Fe orbital magnetic moment of L1(0)-FeNi by means of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Analysis of the second-order perturbation of the spin-orbit interaction indicates that spin-flip excitations between the occupied majority-spin and unoccupied minority-spin bands make a considerable contribution to the perpendicular MCA, as does the spin-conservation term for the minority-spin bands. Furthermore, the MCA energy increases as the in-plane lattice parameter decreases (increasing the axial ratio c/a). The increase in the MCA energy can be attributed to further enhancement of the spin-flip term due to modulation of the Fe d(xy) and d(x(2) - y(2)) orbital components around the Fermi level under compressive in-plane distortion.
We present first-principles based calculations of electronic structures and tunneling conductance of Co 2 YZ / MgO͑ϳ2 nm͒ / Co 2 YZ͑001͒ ͑YZ = MnSi, CrAl͒ magnetic tunnel junctions ͑MTJs͒. It is found that YZ͑MnSi and CrAl͒-terminated interfaces are thermodynamically stable as compared with Co-terminated interfaces in Co 2 YZ / MgO͑001͒ junctions. In the CrAl-termination, no interface states appear in both sides of the junctions, preserving the half metallicity of Co 2 CrAl, while reduction of the spin polarization is significant in the MnSi termination. Co 2 CrAl, however, has no ⌬ 1 band at the Fermi level, thus the majority-spin conductance of Co 2 CrAl/ MgO/ Co 2 CrAl͑001͒ MTJs in the parallel magnetization is much smaller than that of Co 2 MnSi/ MgO/ Co 2 MnSi͑001͒ MTJs. We propose that MTJs having an ultrathin Co 2 CrAl layer between Co 2 MnSi electrode and MgO barrier, i.e., Co 2 MnSi/ Co 2 CrAl/ MgO͑001͒ junctions, can derive both the halfmetallic character at the interface and the large tunneling conductance through the ⌬ 1 channel in the parallel magnetization.
Nanometer vibration analysis of a target has been demonstrated by a self-aligned optical feedback vibrometry technique that uses a laser-diode-pumped microchip solid-state laser. The laser output waveform, which was modulated through interference between a lasing field and an extremely weak (<- 100-dB) frequency-modulated (FM) feedback field, was analyzed by the Hilbert transformation to yield the vibration waveform of the target. Experimental signal characteristics have been reproduced by numerical simulations. Real-time vibration measurement has also been achieved with a simple FM demodulation circuit.
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