We investigated the origin of perpendicular magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) in L1(0)-ordered FeNi alloy using first-principles density-functional calculations. We found that the perpendicular MCA of L1(0)-FeNi arises predominantly from the constituent Fe atoms, which is consistent with recent measurements of the anisotropy of the Fe orbital magnetic moment of L1(0)-FeNi by means of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Analysis of the second-order perturbation of the spin-orbit interaction indicates that spin-flip excitations between the occupied majority-spin and unoccupied minority-spin bands make a considerable contribution to the perpendicular MCA, as does the spin-conservation term for the minority-spin bands. Furthermore, the MCA energy increases as the in-plane lattice parameter decreases (increasing the axial ratio c/a). The increase in the MCA energy can be attributed to further enhancement of the spin-flip term due to modulation of the Fe d(xy) and d(x(2) - y(2)) orbital components around the Fermi level under compressive in-plane distortion.

Vapor-phase amination of cyclohexanol with ammonia over silica-supported platinum and other platinum group metal (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir) catalysts has been studied. Cyclohexylamine and aniline are the main products. Platinum is the most active metal, although there is not much difference in the activity between platinum and other metals. The reaction is suggested to proceed as follows. The first step, which is rate-determining, is the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone intermediate, from which cyclohexylamine and aniline are formed in the parallel process via cyclohexylideneamine. From reaction-rate measurements on Pt/SiO2 catalysts with different Pt particle size, the amination reaction has been found to be structure-insensitive. The catalytic activity decreases with time on stream probably because of the deposit of carbonacious or polymeric materials on the catalyst surface.

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Phenol and Cyclohexanol are simultaneously aminated to aniline and cyclohexylamine by ammonolysis with the palladium-on-carbon catalyst in the liquid phase, although the amination of either phenol or cyclohexanol hardly occurs without the other. In contrast, carbon-supported ruthenium, rhodium, and platinum catalysts are ineffective for this co-amination; they are active only for the amination of cyclohexanol to cyclohexylamine. These results are explained by the specific activity of palladium for hydrogen transfer between phenol and cyclohexanol.

Silica-supported Ir–Ru bimetallic catalysts were found to produce C2-oxygenated compounds from synthesis gas at temperatures from 280 °C to 300 °C under 50 atm. The addition of Li to the bimetallic catalysts brought about improvement in catalytic activity and selectivity