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This study examines the effect of axial force fluctuation in supporting columns of a traditional wooden temple on the seismic response of the structure. The main structure and high wooden stage of the Kiyomizu Temple, a Japanese national treasure located in Kyoto, were reconstructed in 1633 following a fire. The temple was modeled numerically for three-dimensional inelastic earthquake response analysis. An inelastic vertical spring was set at the base of each column to represent uplift during an earthquake, coupled with a horizontal spring set to represent variable friction corresponding to the varying axial force of the column. The results reveal that axial force fluctuation has little effect on the maximum seismic response of the structure. However, this effect does influence the residual displacement of each column, particularly near the perimeter of the structure.

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