No abstract

The fundamental parameter (FP) method for X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is explained using 18‐8 steel spectrum as an example. The accuracy and precision are discussed. Other related alpha parameter method and d j method are compared. The FP method is a first‐principles calculation method of chemical element concentration from the measured XRF spectra using the FPs such as the X‐ray absorption coefficients, fluorescence yields, jump ratios, branching ratios, and the incident spectrum from the X‐ray tube. Based only on these physics parameters and the measured spectra, concentrations in the specimen can be obtained accurately in spite that the XRF spectra are heavily affected by the matrix effects, such as absorption and enhancement effects. The problems and future directions to the improvement of present FP method are also discussed.

No abstract

No abstract

This study describes a biosensor for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping based on the filterless fluorescence detection methods. The filterless fluorescence sensor is able to distinguish lights with more than two different wavelengths without optical filters, mirrors, and gratings. From the final results, we observed that emission lights form the "fluorescein isothiocyanate (i.e., FITC)" and the "sulforhodamine 101 acid chloride (i.e., Texas Red)", which are kinds of fluorescent dyes commonly used in SNP genotyping, were detected with less interference using the filterless fluorescence sensor. Thus, our approach is effective for SNP genotyping with low cost and high portability.