Palmaria palmata was grown in flowing seawater in tanks in a greenhouse under various levels of irradiance and temperature. Plants grew equally well at temperatures between 6 and 14 °C, but poorly at 18 °C. A surface irradiance level of 53 ly day" 1 was saturating for growth (plant density = 1 kg (wet wt) m" 2 ). Plants growing slowly under low irradiance accumulated nitrogen and mineral elements (ash), whereas plants growing rapidly under high irradiance had high dry matter and carbohydrate contents. There was an inverse relationship between total nitrogen content and growth rate. Total nitrogen and carbohydrate concentrations were also inversely related. Contamination by epiphytes was reduced by low irradiance and by low (6 °C) temperature.
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