No abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar embalagem a vácuo e biofilme sobre a viabilidade de sementes de jabuticabeira [Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel], bem como verificar a aplicabilidade do teste de tetrazólio em sementes dessa espécie. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e na Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa Viveiro de Produção de Mudas Hortícolas, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. O experimento foi em blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 2 (utilização de vácuo) x 3 (tipo de revestimento) x 5 (tempo de armazenamento), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por unidade experimental. As sementes, após extraídas, foram separadas em dois lotes, sendo um para uso de embalagem a vácuo e outro não. A partir de cada lote, houve a divisão em três sublotes de acordo com o tipo de revestimento, quais sejam: fécula de mandioca (3% m v-1), quitosana (3% m v-1) e sem biofilme. Posteriormente, as sementes foram armazenadas em câmara fria, utilizando temperatura de 5± 1°C, por 7; 14;21; 28 e 35 dias. Foram analisadas as porcentagens de emergência, de viabilidade das sementes pelo teste de tetrazólio e o índice de velocidade de emergência. Recomenda-se armazenar as sementes de jabuticabeira em embalagem a vácuo. Na impossibilidade de utilizar embalagem a vácuo, as sementes desta fruteira devem ser revestidas com biofilme à base de quitosana ou fécula de mandioca. O teste de tetrazólio demonstrou-se viável e mais rápido para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de jabuticabeira.

It was evaluated the genetic divergence in peach genotypes for brown rot reaction. It was evaluated 26 and 29 peach genotypes in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 production cycle, respectively. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratório de Fitossanidade, da UTFPR - Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experimental design was entirely randomized, considering each peach genotype a treatment, and it was use three replication of nine fruits. The treatment control use three replication of three peach. The fruit epidermis were inoculated individually with 0.15 mL of M. fructicola conidial suspension (1.0 x 10(5) spores mL-1). In the control treatment was sprayed with 0.15 mL of distilled water. The fruits were examined 72 and 120 hours after inoculation, and the incidence and severity disease were evaluated. These results allowed realized study for genetic divergence, used as dissimilarity measure the Generalized Mahalanobis distance. Cluster analysis using Tocher´s optimization method and distances in the plan were applied. There was smallest genetic divergence among peach trees evaluated for brown rot, what can difficult to obtain resistance in the genotypes.

‘Guabijuzeiro’ and ‘cerejeira da mata’ are plant species from the Myrtaceae family, with many difficulties in asexual multiplication. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate ‘cerejeira da mata’ (Eugenia involucrata DC.) tree and ‘guabijuzeiro’ [Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legrand] tree propagation by air layering, using different IBA concentrations (0, 1000 , 2000 and 3000 mg L-1) and materials to wrap the substrate (transparent plastic, black plastic and transparent plastic + aluminum foil). The experimental design for both experiments was a randomized blocks, in a 3 x 4 factorial (wrapping material x IBA concentration), with three repetitions of five air layering each. After 180 days, the percentage of rooting, length and number of roots were evaluated. Sixty days after rooting the percentage of survival plants were evaluated. The air layering technique was not efficient in the ‘guabijuzeiro’ propagation. This technique could be used in ‘cerejeira da mata’ plants without the IBA application and using transparent plastic, but with low performance.

Foods are susceptible to matrix interferences during the gastrointestinal transit that can affect bioactive molecules. We proposed in vitro co-digestion of cowpea beans and orange juice to assess polyphenols bioaccessibility and synergisms. We performed gastrointestinal simulation combining beans and a fruit beverage, to mimic a common meal in a more realistic set-up than the usual single-food models. Twenty phenolic compounds were released in oral, gastric and intestinal compartments and were identified by HPLC-DAD. Gallic acid, (À)-epicatechin and chlorogenic acid were the most bioaccessible polyphenols.Cooking and solvent extraction of cowpea beans affected their polyphenolic concentrations. After digestion, the bioaccessibility indexes were higher for cowpea (136.11%) and cooked cowpea (744.74%) when compared to orange juice (31.87%) indicating that the thermal treatment enhanced the bioaccessibility of cowpea phenolics. The antioxidant capacity was higher in the end of co-digestion compared to cooked cowpea and orange juice digested alone due to synergistic polyphenol-polyphenol interactions or polyphenol-protein interactions. The combination of orange juice with cooked cowpea in co-digestion promoted high content of some bioaccessible phenolics, with 10 out of 20 compounds showing positive interactions at the intestinal phase, suggesting that food synergisms are not neglectable for beans and citrus polyphenols release during the digestion course.