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Water-deficit stress is responsible for more crop loss than any other abiotic or biotic stress, resulting in many breeding programmes focusing on developing crop cultivars that can produce relatively greater yield under conditions of water limitation (Borém et al., 2012). Inconsistencies in determining water-deficit tolerant crop ideotypes may result from a lack of understanding or quantification of the coordination between above-and below-ground function of physiological traits. One of the most impactful above-ground functional traits influencing crop yield under water-deficit stress is the degree of transpiration reduction under water-deficit stress (Blum, 2009; de Wit, 1958;Passioura, 1996). The ability to maintain transpiration under dehydrating conditions allows for continued assimilation of CO 2 for photosynthesis, which is required for growth processes. However, the ability to maintain transpiration is linked

Soil health-based agricultural management practices are widely promoted to reduce erosion, increase nutrient use efficiency, improve soil structure, and sustain or increase yields. Pest and disease management are less frequently considered as components of a soil health management system. We present a framework for how the crop protection industry can advance soil health by developing systems of crop protection innovation that simultaneously target soil health outcomes, either through direct impact on soil or by enabling practices that promote soil health outcomes. Such an approach could lead to cross-sectoral, integrated agricultural solutions that achieve agronomic, environmental, and economic goals.