Objective: To analyze reformatted sagittal sternal tomography images and classify sternal body curvature types, and compare different types of pectus populations with one another and with normal individuals. Methods: In total, 50 controls and 167 pectus patients were selected for chest CT to analyze the median sagittal plane, of whom 89 had pectus carinatum (mean age, 12 ± 10 years) and 78 pectus excavatum (mean age, 14 ± 10 years). Clinical types of pectus were classified as inferior, superior, or lateral pectus carinatum, and localized or broad pectus excavatum. The following types of sternal patterns were defined: gradual vertical curve, gradual posterior curve, gradual anterior curve, proximal third curve, middle third curve, distal third curve, anterior rectilinear, vertical rectilinear, and posterior rectilinear. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the different types of pectus with one another and with the control group. Results: Patients with different thoracic deformities, but with similar sternal curvature patterns, were observed. Some types of sternal curvature were significantly more frequent in certain types of pectus (p < 0,05). The gradual vertical curve and anterior rectilinear types prevailed in controls (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Some sternal curvature patterns were more frequent than the others in certain types of pectus and the controls. Level of Evidence II, Prognostic studies - investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.
Introduction. The objective of this study was to describe a surgical technique that uses transforaminal full-endoscopic access, which is different from the existing protocol, and to demonstrate another method of dural tear repair during endoscopic spine surgery. Background. Endoscopic spine surgery was initially described for lumbar disc pathologies. Technical advances and new materials have made it possible to treat cervical and thoracic spinal degenerative disorders. These advances have also made it possible to treat surgical complications, notably dural tears with CSF fistulas. The literature indicates that the incidence of these injuries ranges from 1% to 17%. Materials and Methods. Descriptive technical note of innovative and improved endoscopic surgical procedure exemplified with illustrative clinical case and comparative literature review. Results. There is only one report describing a full-endoscopic suture technique for dural sac repair. The gold standard for treatment of the most significant nonpunctate lesions continues to be a conversion to open surgery for lesion closure. Conversion can be problematic because most surgeries are performed under sedation and local anesthesia. Conclusions. In this case report and the new endoscopic suture technique described here, we show that primary correction of dural tears through endoscopy is possible. In addition to representing a paradigm break in solving one of the main complications of these procedures, it can expand the possibilities of spine endoscopy.
Objective: To evaluate the morphological changes on the intervertebral foramen and segmental lordosis related to the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) positioning. Methods: PEEK cages were placed in the disc space (L1-S1) of a polyurethane anatomical model. Cages of different heights (8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm and 14 mm) were positioned in the posterior, medial or anterior part of the vertebral body surface, and the intervertebral foramen and segmental lordosis heights were measured after their insertion. Results: The vertebral foramen height decreased in all positions and heights of the cages in relation to the control. The cage posterior positioning induced a smaller reduction in the vertebral foramen height. Vertebral lordosis tended to increase in relation to the control, and the greatest increase occurred with the cage posterior positioning. Conclusion: Cage positioning induces changes in the intervertebral foramen height and in the vertebral segment lordosis. Cage posterior positioning induces a smaller reduction of the intervertebral foramen height and increases the vertebral segment lordosis. Level of evidence III, Therapeutic study.
Resumo Objetivo Comparar por testes mecânicos a resistência ao arrancamento e o torque de inserção do parafuso pedicularjateado e liso. Métodos Parafusos pediculares de superfície áspera e de superfície lisa com diâmetros de 4,8; 5,5 e 6,5 mm foram inseridos em blocos de poliuretano com densidade de 10 PCF (0,16 g/cm3). O torque de inserção e a força de arrancamento foram avaliados. Resultados A força de arrancamento dos parafusos de superfície áspera e de superfície lisa não diferiu, exceto no grupo de parafusos com 4,8 mm de diâmetro. Nesse grupo, os parafusos de superfície áspera apresentaram maior resistência ao arrancamento. Conclusão Os parafusos pediculares de superfície áspera não apresentaram aumento da resistência ao arrancamento na fase aguda de sua inserção em blocos de poliuretano em relação aos parafusos de superfície lisa. Os parafusos de superfície áspera apresentaram maior torque de inserção que os parafusos de superfície lisa, dependendo do diâmetro do parafuso e da preparação do furo piloto.
Introdução: Foram desenvolvidos protótipos de guias customizados para pacientes com deformidade da coluna vertebral para auxiliar no preparo do orifício piloto e reduzir a exposição à radiação. O objetivo do estudo foi o desenvolvimento dos guias customizados e avaliação da sua utilização nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de correção de deformidade vertebral com sistema de fixação pedicular. Material e Método: Estudo prospectivo e intervencionista em quatro pacientes com deformidade da coluna vertebral (três escolioses idiopáticas e uma cifoescoliose congênita) submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico para a correção da deformidade com sistema de fixação pedicular. Foram desenvolvidos protótipos de guias customizados 3D, e a sua utilização foi avaliada por meio da viabilidade técnica, acurácia e exposição à radiação. Resultados: Foram considerados no estudo o conjunto de 85 pedículos vertebrais nos quais os parafusos pediculares foram inseridos (56/65,8% torácicos e 29/34,2% lombares). A viabilidade técnica foi positiva em 46 (54,1%) pedículos vertebrais, sendo 25 (54%) pedículos torácicos e 21 (46%) lombares. A viabilidade técnica foi negativa em 39 (45,9%) pedículos, sendo 31 (79,5%) torácicos e 8 (20,5%) lombares. Na avaliação da acurácia, 36 (78,2%) parafusos estavam centralizados, sendo 17 (36,9%) na coluna torácica e 19 (41,3%) na coluna lombar. Foi observado mal posicionamento em 10 (21,7%) parafusos, sendo 8 (17,4%) na coluna torácica e 2 (4,3%) na coluna lombar. O registro da média da radiação utilizada nos procedimentos cirúrgicos foi 32,34 mGy e o tempo total de uso da fluoroscopia em cada cirurgia variou de 180,3 a 207,2 segundos. Conclusão: Os protótipos de guias customizados permitiram o preparo seguro do orifício piloto dos pedículos vertebrais nos pacientes com deformidades com melhora da acurácia e redução da radiação intra-operatória.
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